TRT地质超前预报技术在矿山中的应用探讨

阐述了TRT地质超前预报技术的工作原理及技术特点,介绍了该技术的探测方法.根据具体工程,利用钻探分别对TRT探测的异常区进行了验证,论述了TRT地质超前预报技术在矿山实际探测中应注意的问题,分析了预报失败的原因,提出了其中存在的问题及下一步改进的意见.     

TST技术在岩溶地区隧道超前预报中的应用

顶效隧道位于岩溶发育地区,地质构造复杂,岩体破碎,对超前预报技术的要求高,风险较大。目前国内外应用的隧道超前预报技术多数都存在着技术缺陷,不能区分不同方向的地震回波,不能准确地确定掌子面前方围岩的波速,不能正确地进行纵横波分离等问题,影响到预报的可靠性和准确性。为了确保施工安全,减少和避免地质灾害发生,顶效隧道超前预报中采用了TST技术。应用结果表明,TST技术采用空间阵列系统和速度扫描技术有效地解决了掌子面前方围岩速度分布问题,提高了构造定位精度;应用二维方向滤波技术有效地消除了上下、左右的侧向回波和面波干扰,成功提取了前方回波用于超前预报,避免了虚报误报,解决了复杂地质条件下的超前预报问题。     

光纤测温技术在地温场监测中的应用

换热功率计算通常采取热响应试验的方式,仅仅通过热响应试验方式无法直观反映地下不同介质换热性能的差异,光纤测温系统恰恰能弥补这种不足。光纤测温监测与热响应试验相结合这种新技术的应用,在黄泛平原尚属首次,论文通过热响应试验期间的光时域光纤监测,取得了翔实数据的基础上,对比分析了不同岩土层介质的换热性能,采取了光纤地温测量这种新型监测手段,对换热试验前及试验期间地温场变化进行了监测,对合理利用浅层地温能这种新能源提供了参数支持。     

隧道地质超前预报研究进展

隧道地质超前预报是工程地球物理研究中的疑难问题之一。目前应用的工程地质推断、地质雷达探测是、反射地震负视速度法、TSP和TRT技术有一定的效果,但在目标判别、定位和岩体工程分类的可靠性方面还需要改进。     

基于TRT系统的地质构造三维成像技术及其改进方法

TRT技术是利用地震波反射原理来实现对灾害体的辨识,利用震源点与接收点共同组成的随时间变化的共焦椭球体来实现对灾害体的定位.根据TRT成果图像异常区域与隧道实际灾害的对应情况,将TRT图像异常区域划分为集群异常区、单体异常区、错断异常区、互层异常区四种类型.针对TRT技术自身存在的直达波速计算不准确、背景波速取定不合理等问题,提出了相应的改进方法,一方面通过计算出直达波在隧道洞身的实际传播的最小轨迹,求得震源点到接收点的实际直达波速;另一方面根据实际直达波速的分布特征,求出正态分布条件下,实际直达波速在置信水平为1-a的置信区间,并将置信区间的上下限值作为背景波速录入TRT系统,得出两组TRT成果图像,这样就改变了人工取定背景波速所存在的单一性与盲目性,使得改进后的灾害预测有了一定的区间考量.通过实例验证,发现改进后的预测效果明显优于改进前采用人工取定背景波速时的预测效果,并在一定程度上避免了灾害漏报的可能.     

Comment on “An improved gray Lattice Boltzmann model for simulating fluid flow in multi-scale porous media”: Intrinsic links between LBE Brinkman schemes

In this Comment on the recent work (Zhu and Ma, 2013) [11] by Zhu and Ma (ZM) we first show that all three local gray Lattice Boltzmann (GLB) schemes in the form (Zhu and Ma, 2013) [11]: GS (Chen and Zhu, 2008; Gao and Sharma, 1994) [1,4], WBS (Walsh et al., 2009) [12] and ZM, fail to get constant Darcy’s velocity in series of porous blocks. This inconsistency is because of their incorrect definition of the macroscopic velocity in the presence of the heterogeneous momentum exchange, while the original WBS model (Walsh et al., 2009) [12] does this properly. We improve the GS and ZM schemes for this and other related deficiencies. Second, we show that the “discontinuous velocity” they recover on the stratified interfaces with their WBS scheme is inherent, in different degrees, to all LBE Brinkman schemes, including ZM scheme. None of them guarantees the stress and the velocity continuity by their implicit interface conditions, even in the frame of the two-relaxation-times (TRT) collision operator where these two properties are assured in stratified Stokes flow, Ginzburg (2007) [5]. Third, the GLB schemes are presented in work (Zhu and Ma, 2013) [11] as the alternative ones to direct, Brinkman-force based (BF) schemes (Freed, 1998; Nie and Martys, 2007) [3,8]. Yet, we show that the BF-TRT scheme (Ginzburg, 2008) [6] gets the solutions of any of the improved GLB schemes for specific, viscosity-dependent choice of its one or two local relaxation rates. This provides the principal difference between the GLB and BF: while the BF may respect the linearity of the Stokes–Brinkman equation rigorously, the GLB-TRT cannot, unless it reduces to the BF via the inverse transform of the relaxation rates. Furthermore, we show that, in limited parameter space, “gray” schemes may run one another. From the practical point of view, permeability values obtained with the GLB are viscosity-dependent, unlike with the BF. Finally, the GLB shares with the BF a so-called anisotropy (Ginzburg, 2008; Nie and Martys, 2007) [6,8], that is, flow-direction-dependency in their effective viscosity corrections, related to the discretized spatial variation of the resistance forcing.