Structural geology practice and learning,from the perspective of cognitive science

Spatial ability is required by practitioners and students of structural geology and so, considering spatial skills in the context of cognitive science has the potential to improve structural geology teaching and practice. Spatial thinking skills may be organized using three dichotomies, which can be linked to structural geology practice. First, a distinction is made between separating (attending to part of a whole) and combining (linking together aspects of the whole). While everyone has a basic ability to separate and combine, experts attend to differences guided by experiences of rock properties in context. Second, a distinction is made between seeing the relations among multiple objects as separate items or the relations within a single object with multiple parts. Experts can flexibly consider relations among or between objects to optimally reason about different types of spatial problems. Third, a distinction is made between reasoning about stationary and moving objects. Experts recognize static configurations that encode a movement history, and create mental models of the processes that led to the static state. The observations and inferences made by a geologist leading a field trip are compared with the corresponding observations and inferences made by a cognitive psychologist interested in spatial learning. The presented framework provides a vocabulary for discussing spatial skills both within and between the fields of structural geology and cognitive psychology.     

重视学生能力和创新意识的培养和训练－介绍在工程测量选修课教学工作中的做法与体会

介绍工程测量选修课教学工作中的一些尝试。实践证明,它对提高学生的学习兴趣、扩大学生的知识面和缩短同学们从学校到生产单位的磨合期,很有益处。     

Small is profitable: No support for the optimal foraging theory in sea stars Asterias rubens foraging on the blue edible mussel Mytilus edulis

Doubt has been shed recently on the most popular optimal foraging theory stating that predators should maximize prey profitability, i.e., select that prey item that contains the highest energy content per handling time. We hypothesized that sea stars do not forage on blue mussels according to the classical optimal foraging theory but are actively avoiding damage that may be caused by e.g. capture of foraging on too-strong mussel shells, hence the sea stars will have a stronger preference for mussels that are smaller than the most profitable ones. Here we present experimental evidence of the sea star Asterias rubens as a predator that indeed chooses much smaller blue mussels Mytilus edulis to forage on than the most profitable ones. Hence this study does not support the optimal foraging theory. There may be other constraints involved in foraging than just optimizing energy intake, for example predators may also be concerned with preventing potential loss or damage of their foraging instruments.     

论信息素质教育与大学生创新能力培养

从信息素质教育的角度出发 ,提出了强化大学生信息素质教育是搞好大学生创新能力培养的关键 ,并就如何强化大学生信息素质教育和创新能力培养等方面进行了构思和探讨     

MÉTHODE D'ÉTUDE DES NAPPES LIBRES DANS LES AQUIFÈRES ANISOTROPES

Abstract

The necessary and sufficient conditions for non-zero phase shift and non-zero attenuation in linear flood routing can be derived from the continuity equation alone and are found to depend on the existence of an imaginary part in the expression for frequency or in the expression for wave number. It is shown that in linear flood routing the phase lag between flow rate and area of flow is directly related to the attenuation per unit wave length. The effects of using various forms of the momentum equation, in addition to the continuity equation, are exemplified by deriving analytical expressions in terms of the frequency, both for attenuation per unit channel length and for phase shift, for the kinematic wave, the general diffusion analogy, and the complete St. Venant equation.     

Clay minerals in SW Indian continental shelf sediment cores as indicators of provenance and palaeomonsoonal conditions: a statistical approach

Two sediment cores from the inner continental shelf of SW India, SK‐148/13 (4.66 m long; from 50 m water depth) and SK‐148/14 (5.37 m long; from 22 m water depth), were studied for provenance and palaeomonsoonal implications. Sediment layers at different depth intervals in these cores were estimated for clay minerals and organic matter content. Five surface sediment samples from the nearby Kali River estuary of the adjacent hinterland were also analysed for clay mineral contents. In both cores and Kali River sediments, smectite is the dominant clay followed by illite, and kaolinite or chlorite. Based on the similarities of the abundances of clay minerals and their relative wt‐% in the inner shelf sediment cores and in surface sediments of the estuary as demonstrated by significance tests, Al‐rich illite, and negligible contribution of clay from the deep‐sea and aeolian sources, it can be inferred that the sediments of the two inner continental shelf cores were derived from the adjacent hinterland. Application of statistical discordancy and significance tests on the down‐core variations in the crystallinity index (CI) of illite and organic matter content in the sediment cores indicates intense monsoonal (high rainfall) conditions at the adjacent hinterland during about 4300–6200 and 9300–10,400 years BP. These inferences are comparable to those from other well‐established palaeomonsoonal indicators such as sedimentation rates and mineral magnetic properties. The CI of illite, an easily determinable and climatically sensitive parameter, can thus be a reliable palaemonsoonal indicator for inner shelf sediment cores. The statistical methodology used in this work highlights the advantages of a quantitative interpretation of the data instead of the conventional qualitative visual examination.     

粗差探测与识别统计检验量的比较分析

LS估计对粗差非常敏感。在粗差的探测与识别理论体系中,通常采用正态检验、学生氏t检验以及τ检验等,笔者对此进行比较分析。标准化局部敏感度指标与标准化LS残差均可用来作正态检验,但研究表明,当观测量相关时,前者的检验功效大于后者。先验单位权方差因子未知时,可依据内部学生化残差及外部学生化残差分别进行τ检验和学生氏t检验。...     

数据库在学籍管理系统中的应用

利用关系数据库ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥ＋在３８６微机上实现教学学籍管理系统。本文介绍了教学学籍管理系统的设计原理和功能特点，探讨了数据库在管理应用上的一般原则。