Oxygen Isotope Evidence for Chemical Interaction of Ki lauea Historical Magmas with Basement Rocks

KSRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/imacr.gif" ALT="i" BORDER="0">lauea historical summit lavas have a wide range in matrix SRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/delta.gif" ALT="{delta}" BORDER="0">¹⁸O_VSMOWvalues (4·9–5·6SRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/permil.gif" ALT="{per thousand}" BORDER="0">) with lower values in rockserupted following a major summit collapse or eruptive hiatus.In contrast, SRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/delta.gif" ALT="{delta}" BORDER="0">¹⁸O values for olivines in most of these lavasare nearly constant (5·1 ± 0·1SRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/permil.gif" ALT="{per thousand}" BORDER="0">). The disequilibriumbetween matrix and olivine SRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/delta.gif" ALT="{delta}" BORDER="0">¹⁸O values in many samples indicatesthat the lower matrix values were acquired by the magma afterolivine growth, probably just before or during eruption. BothMauna Loa and KSRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/imacr.gif" ALT="i" BORDER="0">lauea basement rocks are the likely sources ofthe contamination, based on O, Pb and Sr isotope data. However,the extent of crustal contamination of KSRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/imacr.gif" ALT="i" BORDER="0">lauea historical magmasis probably minor (< 12%, depending on the assumed contaminant)and it is superimposed on a longer-term, cyclic geochemicalvariation that reflects source heterogeneity. KSRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/imacr.gif" ALT="i" BORDER="0">lauea's heterogeneoussource, which is well represented by the historical summit lavas,probably has magma SRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/delta.gif" ALT="{delta}" BORDER="0">¹⁸O values within the normal mid-ocean ridgebasalt mantle range (5·4–5·8SRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/permil.gif" ALT="{per thousand}" BORDER="0">) based on thenew olivine SRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/delta.gif" ALT="{delta}" BORDER="0">¹⁸O values. KEY WORDS: Hawaii; KSRC="http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/math/imacr.gif" ALT="i" BORDER="0">lauea; basalt; oxygen isotopes; crustal contamination     

考虑楼板作用的SRC柱-钢梁混合框架动力时程分析

为了解楼板空间作用对型钢混凝土(SRC)柱-钢梁混合框架抗震性能的影响,利用有限元软件ABAQUS分别建立带有楼板和不带楼板的两跨三层SRC柱-钢梁框架,选取2组天然波和1组人工波对其进行弹塑性分析,对比2种框架结构的型钢应力分布、混凝土板损伤、层间相对位移角以及框架基底剪力,分析楼板在结构抗震中的影响规律。结果表明:增加楼板可以有效增加框架抗侧刚度,最大可使层间位移角降低38.7%;同时可以减小核心区梁端塑性区域的面积,减缓型钢上翼缘应力发展速度;而且楼板的存在可使最大基底剪力提升60.7%,有利于减小结构损伤和提高抗震性能。     

Simulation analyses of buildings damaged in the 1995 Kobe,Japan, earthquake considering soil–structure interaction

A series of studies was conducted on three buildings of steel reinforced concrete structures with RC shear walls damaged in the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. These buildings are located in an area where structural damage centred around. Two of these buildings suffered severe damage, while the third was not structurally damaged. Our studies deal with site inspections, including micro-tremor measurement of buildings, the evaluation of input motions, and the response analyses considering soil–structure interaction. The results of simulation analyses of the two severely damaged buildings correspond to their actual damage state. From the response analyses of the one slender building with no structural damage, it was concluded that uplifting is the main reason it did not suffer any structural damage. Through these studies, the importance of soil–structure interaction and effective input motion is fully understood. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

型钢混凝土剪力墙抗震性能影响参数研究

型钢混凝土剪力墙是一种广泛应用于高层混合结构中的剪力墙形式。本文采用通用有限元程序ADINA,以边缘构件含钢率为主要参数,对不同剪跨比的几组剪力墙承载力和变形能力进行了分析,并与考虑了剪力墙混凝土等级、轴压比、配筋率和边缘约束指标等参数影响的剪力墙性能进行了比较研究。结果表明,在高层结构中采用较高强度的混凝土是有利的,但剪力墙的轴压比需要严格限制,且墙体配筋率并不是提高其抗震性能的有效手段。在高层混合结构剪力墙中,通过边缘构件设置型钢可有效增加墙体延性,且边缘约束构件的约束指标可取0.32左右。     

A study on the seismic performance of steel‐reinforced concrete frame‐concrete core wall high‐rise mixed structure by large‐scale shaking table tests and numerical simulations

This paper reports a study for the seismic performance of one large‐scaled (1/15) model of 30‐story steel‐reinforced concrete frame‐concrete core wall mixed structure. The study was implemented by both shaking table tests, in which the similarity ratio for lateral and gravitational accelerations was kept to 1:1, and numerical nonlinear dynamic analysis. The test observations presented herein include story displacement, interstory drift, natural vibration periods, and final failure mode. The numerical analysis was performed to simulate the shaking table test procedure, and the numerically obtained responses were verified by the test results. On the basis of the numerical results, the progressions of structural stiffness, base shear, and overturning moment were investigated, and the distributions of base shear and overturning moment between frame and core wall were also discussed. The test demonstrates the seismic performance of the steel‐reinforced concrete frame‐core wall mixed structure and reveals the potential overturning failure mode for high rise structures. The nonlinear analysis results indicate that the peripheral frames could take more shear forces after core wall damaged under severe earthquakes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

变截面劲性水泥土桩承载特性室内模型试验研究

研究变截面劲性水泥土桩的几何特征对承载特性的影响,结果表明:具有1个扩大盘或2个扩大盘间距较大的变截面桩,盘下部的土体发生压缩和局部剪切破坏现象,上部的土体则发生梨形滑落;盘间距较小时,上下两盘之间的土体与两盘成为一体;变截面桩的桩侧荷载分担值均远大于桩端荷载分担值,盘的数量及间距对桩侧及桩端荷载分担值影响不大;1个盘时,其位置对承载力有一定的影响;2个等间距盘的变截面桩,盘位置越高承载力越高;盘间距对承载力影响不显著;3个盘的承载力大于2个盘的承载力,但结果相差不大;变截面桩的承载力得到显著提高,其承载力不小于与扩大盘直径相等的等截面桩;随着桩顶荷载的增大,盘承担的荷载增加显著,盘以下桩身的轴力因盘承担大部分而骤减,其降低幅度与盘的数量、位置及间距有关.     

异形截面钢骨混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

通过1／4缩尺的3根异形截面钢骨混凝土柱和1根圆形截面钢骨混凝土柱的抗震性能试验研究，分析比较了各试件的承载力、延性、滞回特性和破坏特征。用基于平截面假定的条带法计算了试件承载力，计算结果与实测值符合较好。     

反复荷载作用下型钢混凝土L形柱的受力性能

为了揭示型钢混凝土L形柱在地震作用下的受力性能,设计8个试件进行低周反复加载试验.试验分两批,第一批4个试件采用"建研式"加载,另外4个采用"悬臂柱式"加载.试验中考虑截面配钢形式、荷载加载方向、轴压比和剪跨比4个参数的影响.由试验获得了型钢混凝土L形柱的主要破坏形态和滞回曲线,分析了各参数对构件的破坏特点及滞回性能的影响,并对不同加载方式的试验结果进行了理论诠释.结果表明:型钢混凝土L形柱的破坏形态主要为剪切斜压破坏、剪弯破坏和弯曲破坏,破坏形态与剪跨比有关;构件具有良好的延性,极限侧移角大,耗能能力强,抗震性能好;L形柱截面不对称,采用"悬臂柱式"加载时,滞回曲线不对称,而"建研式"加载时,由于受到加载装置上下端头的约束,试件的滞回曲线对称.在框架结构中型钢混凝土L形柱受到刚性楼盖的约束,在水平荷载作用下滞回曲线是对称的.研究结果可供工程设计参考.     

型钢混凝土异形柱恢复力特性的试验研究

为了研究型钢混凝土异形柱的抗震性能,进行了17根型钢混凝土异形柱模型的拟静力试验,得到了型钢混凝土异形柱模型在低周反复荷载作用下的滞回曲线和P-△骨架曲线。通过试验结果的分析,给出了各关键点的试验数据及刚度退化规律,建议型钢混凝土异形柱恢复力模型采用双线型模型和退化三线型模型,并给出了恢复力模型各阶段刚度参数的计算公式,为型钢混凝土异形柱的非线性地震反应分析提供了理论参考。