Preliminary investigation of mercury in bone tissues of skua and penguin in Antarctica using AFS and Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence （SR-XRF）

Mercury （Hg） was investigated in bone tissues of skua （ Catharacta maccormick） and penguin （Pygoscelis adeliae） collected in the maritime Antarctic using atomic fluorescence spectrometry （AFS） and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SR-XRF） method. The total levels of mercury in bone tissues of penguin and skua are much lower than those in other organs （e. g. , kidney, liver）. The toxic effects of mercury in bone tissues of seabirds in polar region are not known. We have used SR- XRF method to map the distribution of trace levels of mercury in bones. The levels of mercury are found to be enriched somewhere near the periosteal surface and/or endosteal surface. The distribution of mercury shows strongly correlation with that of some essential elements and probably poses negative effect on the bone metabolism inferring from the relationship of mercury with the other elements. These studies represent a first step toward understanding the toxic effects of mercury on bone of polar animals by suggesting the possible microscopic investigation.     

西藏冈底斯甲马和南木矿床流体包裹体SR-XRF研究

对西藏冈底斯铜多金属成矿带中甲马和南木矿床的流体包裹体开展了系统的同步辐射X射线荧光(SR-XRF)微束原位无损分析,结果显示:甲马矿床流体包裹体中高Cr、Pb,低Ni、Fe,且存在高于地壳丰度的Pt、Ir含量异常;南木矿床流体包裹体中高Cr、Cu、Pb,低Ni、Fe、Zn,晚期有Au富集,Cu倾向于在高盐度流体中富集.甲马和南木两矿床成矿流体中元素的原始地幔标准化模式与两矿区的成矿斑岩大体类似,显示出两矿床与区内斑岩在物质来源上具有亲缘性,幔源和壳源物质共同参与了成矿.但Cr含量的差异也显示出,尽管成矿流体与斑岩岩浆可能都起源于深部,但二者在演化上是平行的.对于甲马矿床的成因,流体包裹体SR-XRF原位组成分析以及显微测温结果不支持喷流沉积成因观点.     

Microanalysis of metals in barbs of a snow petrel (Pagodroma Nivea) from the Antarctica using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence

For the first time synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) microanalysis was performed throughout the total length of 4 single barbs from the primaries and secondaries of a snow petrel (Pagodroma Nivea) collected in the Antarctica. Thirteen elements (S, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Ba, Hg and Pb) were detected somewhere in the barbs. Variations in levels of these elements within and among the barbs were obvious, indicating nonuniform microscale distributions. Factors influencing the fluctuations of the levels of the elements were investigated using a multivariate statistical analysis method. Five factors (F1 being associated with high loadings of Ca, Sr, and Ni, F2 with high loadings of Fe and Ba, F3 with high loadings of Se and Hg, F4 with high loadings of Ca and K, and F5 with high loadings of Zn and Pb) were found to explain about 80% of the total variance. Results from the factor analysis suggested external contamination of Fe, Ba, Pb, Zn and Hg on the feathers of the snow petrel.     

同步辐射加速器X荧光分析技术在极地环境研究中的应用

本文简要介绍了同步辐射器X荧光(SRXRF)技术的分析原理和特点。概述了该技术在极地环境研究中的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Sodium and potassium in the bones of penguin and skua revealed by EPR and SR-XRF technique

Penguin and skua in the maritime Antarctic have high salt loadings in the body due to almost exclusive diet consumption of marine invertebrates. However, the storage and turnover of sodium and potassium in these animals are poorly investigated. Here we determined the concentration and microscopic distribution of the two elements in the bones of penguin and skua. The average concentrations of sodium and potassium in penguin bone were comparable with that in skua bone (0.18% and 0.82% for penguin bone; 0.19% and 0.76% for skua bone in dry weight). The ratios of sodium to calcium and potassium to calcium (0.0330 and 0.0075 for penguin, 0.0335 and 0.0082 for skua in average by weight) were somewhat higher than the reported ratios for terrestrial animals, indicating these marine animals' bone enrichment of salt. The ratios of sodium to potassium in average by weight were 6.75 and 4.65 for penguin and skua, respectively. This value is much lower compared with the bulk sea water ratio of about 27.0, implying that potassium is favorable to reside in the bone rather than sodium. Both sodium and potassium were found to significant correlation with the content of organic materials in bone based upon the intensity of native signal determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). It was estimated that almost all of potassium is kept within the organic phases, while about 30% of sodium is stored in organic phases and the other 70% within mineral phase. The microscopic distributions of potassium in the cross-section and/or surface were revealed by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) technique. The ratio of potassium to calcium based upon the SR-XRF intensity counter varied considerably from the surface to the interior, and on the surface the highest concentration of potassium was observed in the middle section with decreasing amounts toward the edge. This indirectly documented that exchange of potassium between fluid and bone organic phase maybe occur.     

Preliminary determination of calcium, phosphorus, and the calcium/phosphorus ratio in cortical bone of Chinstrap penguin using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence analysis

Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SR-XRF） approach was applied to analyzing of Chinstrap penguin （ Pygoscelis Antarctica） cortical bone. The method enabled the in situ determination of Ca and P concentrations and the Ca/P ratio in cortical bone. The preliminary results show that ： （ 1 ） there is the bone site-related difference for Ca and P concentrations. The mean values for the investigated parameters （ on a dry-weight basis） are： 30.7% （Ca） and 14.9% （P） for the femoral cortical bone, 21.4% （Ca） and 11.5% （P） for wing cortical bone. （2） The variation for the Ca/P ratio in cortical bone is lower than those for Ca and P separately. This is in agreement with the previous report that the specificity of the Ca/P ratio is better than that of Ca and P concentrations and is more reliable for the diagnosis of bone disorders. The authors suggest that further studies be conducted to establish norreal values of Ca, P and Ca/P ratio for polar animals and provide a basis for the diagnosis of bone disorders.     

同步辐射加速器X荧光分析技术在北极气溶胶研究中的应用

本文应用同步辐射加速器X荧光(SR-XRF)分析技术并结合电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方法对中国首次北极考察采集的气溶胶样品进行了定量分析。SR-XRF方法对6种元素的分辨率分别为1.1ng/cm2(Ca)、39.7ng/cm2(V)、17.6ng/cm2(Fe)、2.3ng/cm2(Ni)、1.8ng/cm2(Zn)、6.4ng/cm2(Pb)。6种元素的浓度分别为117.3(ng/m3,Ca)、16.5(ng/m3,V)、19.3(ng/m3,Fe)、3.4(ng/m3,Ni)、4.5(ng/m3,Zn)、1.4(ng/m3,Pb)。该结果与文献报道的相应海区夏季气溶胶化学成分含量具有可比性。由于SR-XRF方法灵敏度高,属于无损分析,在极地气溶胶研究中具有广泛的应用前景。