LAPP对中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)生长、缺氧耐受力及免疫抵抗力的影响

实验研究维生素C多聚磷酸酯（LAPP）添加在对虾饲料中，对中国对虾的生长、缺氧耐受力及免疫抵抗力的影响；实验进一步证明了中国对虾饲料中LAPP的最适添加量为400mg／100g饲料;本文还提出饲料中的LAPP能够提高中国对虾的缺氧耐受力，在溶氧超过3．1mg／kg海水的情况下，效果显著，在降低到2．3mg／kg海水时，作用减弱；用副溶血弧菌（Vibroparahaemolyticus）注射入虾体内，12小时内记录发现，饲料中不含LAPP的一组中国对虾，死亡率高于其它组，并且，LAPP含量最高的一组，死亡率明显低，死亡时间也出现较晚，这证明LAPP能够提高中国对虾的免疫抵抗力；本实验用注射金黄色葡萄球菌后细胞的吞噬百分率作指标，研究对虾细胞的吞噬作用，发现饲料中不含LAPP的对虾的吞噬百分率较低，随着饲料中LAPP浓度的提高，对虾血细胞的吞噬百分率逐渐升高，说明中国对虾细胞的吞噬作用逐步增强。     

贺兰山区气候若干问题

本文主要利用宁夏区农业厅和区气象局气候资料中心于1985年3月,组织的贺兰山中部剖面考察期间11个气象站点的观测资料,在国内首次对贺兰山的气候特征进行了较为系统的研究。本文主要阐述了贺兰山东麓的冷湖效应,东坡磷矿点典型的山谷风现象,雨季的最大降水高度,以及研究确定了剖面上西坡日照百分率随高度的真实分布。     

Analysis of the Statistical Behaviour of Daily Maximum and Monthly Rainfall Data at New Delhi During Monsoon Period

1．IRt回*CtZOllIndian Summer Monsoon Varlablllty Is a muchdscussed and researched field,yet thereIs a considerable scope IOr further work and It Is understanding．The south—west monsoonwhich contributes more than 75%of the annual ra!nfa!lin a major port!on of Ind!a,Is thespring of!he nallonaleconomy．The ralnmH has Qo sustain山e Increasing needs ofagrlculturelrrlgatlon,the Increasing population and the rapid Industrlallsatlon．It Is lowever noted thatthe monsoon rainfall over differe…     

区域气候模式RegCM3在华东地区夏季的10年回报和2010年业务预报

利用国家气候中心全球海气耦合模式(BCC_CM1.0)嵌套区域气候模式RegCM3进行了近10年(1998-2007年)夏季回报及2010年华东夏季实时业务预报。从10年回报的模拟平均状况来看,模式基本能反映出中国东部夏季的平均状况,模式回报的夏季气温分布与实况较为相似,但回报的夏季降水量分布形态与实况有一定差异。使用国家气候中心六级Ps评分及简化的Ps评分对模式10年回报进行了评估。结果表明,该模式对华东地区夏季气温和降水有一定的跨季度预报能力,温度和降水10年平均Ps评分分别为69.9和60.9;对华东地区南部的气温及其东南部的降水有较好的回报效果。利用该模式进行了2010年夏季实时业务预报,预报检验表明,模式预报的2010年夏季温度距平和降水距平百分率分布与实况较为一致,夏季温度和降水的Ps评分分别为71.4和55.3;对影响较为严重的气候事件如江西降水极端偏多等也进行了准确预报。     

Spatio-temporal Distribution of Drought in the Belt and Road Area During 1998-2015 Based on TRMM Precipitation Data

Drought is a worldwide natural disaster that has long affected agricultural production as well as social and economic activities. Frequent droughts have been observed in the Belt and Road area, in which much of the agricultural land is concentrated in fragile ecological environment. Based on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Satellite (TRMM) 3B43 precipitation data, we used the Precipitation Abnormity Percentage drought model to study the monthly spatio-temporal distribution of drought in south region of N50° of the Belt and Road area. It was observed that drought during winter was mainly distributed in Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia, while it was mainly distributed in Central Asia and West Asia during summer. The occurrence of historical droughts indicates an obvious seasonal cycle. The regional variations in drought were analyzed using the Breaks for Additive Season and Trend tool (BFAST) in six sub-regions according to the spatial distribution of six economic corridors in the Belt and Road area. The average drought conditions over the 18 years show a slight decreasing trend in Northeast Asia, West Asia, North Africa, South Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and a slight increasing trend in Central Asia. However, it was a fluctuating pattern of first increasing and then decreasing in Southeast Asia. The results indicate that the total drought area in the Belt and Road region showed a general decreasing trend at a rate of 40,260 km2 per year from 1998 to 2015.     

新疆太阳总辐射资料的均一性检验与气候学估算式的再探讨

参照新疆105个气象台站＂元数据＂,在对12个辐射站逐月日照百分率与月总辐射资料序列进行质量控制检验的基础上,对无效值与缺测值进行了插补订正,继而以Potter非均一性客观检验方法对资料序列进行了非均一性检测,同时以SNTH方法对产生间断的序列进行了相应的非均一化订正。在均一化的月总辐射与月日照百分率资料序列基础上,探...     

The quantity of stormwater runoff from ten stretches of road,a car park and eight roofs in Hertfordshire,England during 1983

Rainfall and runoff were monitored simultaneously for one year from a residential road, a car park, nine sections of road draining to individual gullies, two house roofs, two garage roofs, and three types of factory roof. The sites, which included an automatic weather station, were in Redbourn, Hertfordshire on Flood Studies Report Soil Type 1. The 2906 quality controlled ‘station-storms’ represented 193 rain storms and involved 57.2 per cent of the annual rainfall. 1732 storms were of less than 1.4mm of rain, whilst 77 had over 10mm. The percentage runoff averaged 11.4 per cent for roads and 56.9 per cent for roofs (28.3 per cent and 90.4 per cent respectively for rainfalls >5mm). Percentage runoff from the roads was cyclic with a peak during the summer months but there was a marked variation in monthly percentage runoff within and between sites. Regression analysis to explain percentage runoff was undertaken with various subsets of data for: each site; roads; and roofs. The regression analysis considered all storms; >1 percent runoff events; >5mm rainfalls; and events with > = 4 mm rain and > = 5 per cent runoff. The variable values in percentage runoff could not be explained satisfactorily with statistical methods. Only eight of the 72 equations explained more than 57 per cent of the variance. The most important explanatory variables for roads were short term rainfall intensity and rainfall amount, the former was the most important for roofs. ‘Seasonal’ variables had a positive relation ship for roads which shows that the percentage runoff from roads is higher in summer than winter. The antecedent variables showed that percentage runoff from roads and roofs is increased by antecedent rainfall. Seasonal factors and evaporation were unimportant for the percentage runoff from roofs. Depression storage, assessed by examining rainfalls that did and did not produce runoff, showed a diversity of monthly values. The depression storages derived by the regression intercept method were usually smaller. There were no relationships between depression storage and catchment or roof slope. The mean values for roofs and roads respectively were 0.52 mm and 1.23 mm for the classification method and 0.42 mm and 0.6mm with the regression approach. Peak runoff from the roads showed an attenuation to 12.8 per cent for 1 minute rainfall intensities and 24.2 per cent for 5 minute intensities. For roofs the attenuation averaged 36.8 per cent for 1 minute intensities and 92.6 for 5 minute intensities. Regression for peak runoff coefficients from roofs and roads explained negligible amounts of the variance except when events with 1 minute rainfall intensities of over 30 mm hr^?1 over the roads were analysed. Total rainfall was an important explanatory variable as was the slope of the road. There was evidence that peak coefficients for roads are greater during the summer.     

丹东华能电厂主厂房震害预测

丹东华能电厂主厂房属高层建筑，结构型式复杂。本文采用现场测试与结构反应计算相结合的方法，计算了结构内力与楼层延伸率，最终给出了震害预测结果。     

Fractal study of sustainable proportions of natural and artificial oases

The sustained development of an artificial oasis depends critically on the stability of the natural oasis associated with it. This work theoretically investigates the most suitable ratio of natural oasis area to artificial oasis area in oasis ecosystems, as quantified by the percentage of artificial oasis (PAO). Based on data from oases observed in Xinjiang Province, China, this paper analyzes the PAO distribution for these oases via fractal theory. The results allowed us to draw the following conclusions. (1) The PAO distribution possesses fractal characteristics, and the fractal dimension of the PAO decreases as the oasis evolves. (2) The interval of the fractal dimension of the PAO is 0–1.7068, and the interval of the expectation of the PAO is 0–85.01%. This indicates that the natural oasis should occupy at least around 15% of the total oasis area. (3) The fractal dimension and the expectation of the PAO for the ecosystem of oases in Xinjiang Province, China, are currently 0.5369 and 53.51%, respectively. These results show that the development of artificial oases in Xinjiang Province should continue, although the corresponding natural oases should also be maintained and developed at the same time.