Pes shape variation in an ornithopod dinosaur trackway (Lower Cretaceous,NW Spain): New evidence of an antalgic gait in the fossil track record

Trackways can provide unique insight to animals locomotion through quantitative analysis of variation in track morphology. Long trackways additionally permit the study of trackmaker foot anatomy, providing more insight on limb kinematics. In this paper we have restudied the extensive tracksite at Barranco de La Canal-1 (Lower Cretaceous, La Rioja, NW Spain) focussing on a 25-m-long dinosaur (ornithopod) trackway that was noted by an earlier study (Casanovas et al., 1995; Pérez-Lorente, 2003) to display an irregular pace pattern. This asymmetric gait has been quantified and photogrammetric models undertaken for each track, thus revealing distinct differences between the right and the left tracks, particularly in the relative position of the lateral digits II–IV with respect to the central digit III. Given that the substrate at this site is homogenous, the consistent repetition of the collected morphological data suggests that differences recorded between the right and the left tracks can be linked to the foot anatomy, but more interestingly, to an injury or pathology on left digit II. We suggest that the abnormal condition registered in digit II impression of the left pes can be linked to the statistically significant limping behaviour of the trackmaker. Furthermore, the abnormal condition registered did not affect the dinosaur's speed.     

Hesperornis escapes plesiosaur attack

Evidence from the Pierre Shale (Late Cretaceous) of South Dakota is presented for an attack on a juvenile Hesperornis by a polycotylid plesiosaur. The wound healed and the Hesperornis grew to maturity. Evidence of survival provides our best information about predator prey interactions in the fossil record but are rare for birds where survival is an unlikely outcome.     

锯缘青蟹Scylla serrata黄水病血液病理学分析

对惠"黄水病"锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)血液生理生化指标测定,结果表明:与健康蟹相比,病蟹的蛋白质和脂质代谢存在显著差异,尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(GREA)含量极显著高于健康蟹,而甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(CHO)极显著低于健康蟹.病蟹血清蛋白质含量和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷酰转肽...     

多层螺旋CT在复杂部位骨折检查中的应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在颜面部位骨折，关节内骨折，脊柱骨折中的检查价值，材料和方法：选择29例复杂部位骨折病人，应用GELight Speed,Plus型MSCT机检查及ADW4．0型工作站进行图像处理。结果：MSCT可逼真显示复杂结构的解剖及病理解剖，对隐匿性骨折线及小骨片的移位显示优于其它影像学检查。结论：MSCT在复杂部位骨折检查中有明显优势。     

癫痫病因CT分析

癫痫是临床上常见的神经病之一,过去的病因诊断主要根据发病症状、病史（高热惊厥、脑膜炎、外伤、卒中史等）由脑电图变化以及脑血管造影、同位素扫描等。现在ＣＴ已成为癫痫病因诊断的主要手段之一,其诊断符合率高、定位准确。笔者通过ＣＴ对癫痫的病因分析,说明ＣＴ图像可有效地对脑部器质性改变作出较准确诊断。还探讨了ＣＴ对癫痫的病因诊断的价值和限度。     

Estuarine fish health assessment: evidence of wastewater impacts based on nitrogen isotopes and histopathology

Sewage effluent is a powerful agent of ecological change in estuaries. While the effects of sewage pollution on water quality are usually well documented, biological responses of exposed organisms are not. We quantified health impacts in the form of pathological tissue changes across multiple organs in estuarine fish exposed to elevated levels of treated wastewater. Structural pathologies were compared in wild populations of four fish species from two subtropical estuaries on the east coast of Australia that differ substantially in the amount of direct wastewater loadings. Uptake of sewage-derived nitrogen by fish was traced with stable nitrogen isotopes. Pathologies were common in the liver, spleen, gill, kidney and muscle tissues, and included granulomas, melanomacrophage aggregates, and multiple deformities of the gill epithelia. Tissue deformities were more frequent in fish exposed directly to wastewater discharges. Mullet (Valamugil georgii) were most affected, with only a single specimen free of pathologies in the sewage-impacted estuary. Similarly, in those fish that had structural abnormalities, more deformities were generally found in individuals from sites receiving sewage. These spatial contrasts in impaired fish health correspond to significantly enriched delta15N values in fish muscle as a consequence of fish assimilating sewage-N. Overall, the pattern of lower health and enriched delta15N values in fish from sewage-impacted areas suggests that organism health is lowered by sewage inputs to estuaries. Measurements of organism health are required to understand the effects of sewage on estuarine ecosystems, and histopathology of fishes is a powerful tool to achieve this.     

弥漫性轴索损伤的CT诊断

目的：进一步加深对弥漫性轴索损伤（DAI）临床及CT表现的认识，提高诊断水平，方法：搜集32例DAI的临床及CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果：32例DAI的CT表现为弥漫性脑肿胀32例，脑实质内出血灶23例，呈单发或多发，直径小于2cm，主要分布于皮髓质交界，胼胝低，基底节区和脑干，蛛网膜下腔出血15例，脑室内出血7例，合并硬膜下／外血肿8例，颅骨骨折7例，结论：DAI的临床与CT表现特点，对早期正确诊断具有重要意义。     

脑弥漫性轴索损伤的CT诊断

脑弥漫性轴索损伤（ＤＡＩ）是头部加速引起的脑白质轴索广泛性损伤。我们报告１８例脑弥漫性轴索损伤，提出ＤＡＩ的ＣＴ诊断标准：大脑皮髓质交界处、基底节内囊区域、胼胝体、脑干或小脑一个或多个直径≤２ｃｍ的出血灶，和／或脑室内出血，无明显颅内血肿和挫裂伤；或ＣＴ仅提示急性弥漫性脑肿胀、蛛网膜下腔出血，但伤后原发性持久昏迷，无脑缺氧情况。在３８６例急性脑外伤中，ＣＴ诊断ＤＡＩ１８例，对ＤＡＩ的发病机理、ＣＴ