用纤维素乙酸平板电泳测定中国卤虫的同功酶变异(英文)

本文报导了应用纤维素乙酸平板电泳方法,测定采于中国山东省东方红盐场卤虫(Artemia)的同功酶。经测定,8种同功酶其中有6种是多态的,即:苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、异柠檬酸酶(IDH)、谷氨酸草醋酸转移酶(GOT)、葡糖-6-磷酸盐脱氢酶(D6PHD)、6-磷酸萄糖脱氢酶(6PGDH)和磷酸葡糖异构酶(PGI)。本文所提供的研究方法,不仅适用于基础研究,而且在水产养殖业上有助于对卤虫的筛选和确证。     

Seasonal growth in brown trout in two New Zealand streams

Brown trout Salmo trutta Linn, were marked with individual tags and recaptured throughout a year in two small Canterbury streams. The growth recorded showed a marked seasonal variation which differed in pattern in the two streams. There was a considerable difference in the growth rate between the two populations and fish transferred from the slow‐growth stream to the faster‐growth stream showed an immediate response to the change.     

Nachweis von DNA-Schäden in aquatischen Protozoen und Algen mit der Mikrogelelektrophorese (comet assay) für eine gentoxikologische Gewässergütebewertung von Oberflächenwasser

Die Beurteilung des gentoxischen Potentials in Oberflächenwasser erfordert Testmethoden, die DNA-Schäden in relevanten Organismen der aquatischen Biozönose hinreichend empfindlich erfassen. Die Mikrogelelektrophorese (MGE), auch comet assay genannt, ist solch ein gentoxikologischer Indikatortest, mit dem DNA-Strangbrüche und Alkalilabile Stellen der DNA eukaryontischer Organismen bzw. Zeilen sensitiv nachgewiesen werden können. In der vorliegenden Studie werden Ergebnisse des Einsatzes der Mikrogelelektrophorese an einzelligen Grünalgen der Spezies Chlamydomonas reinhardtii und Protozoen der Spezies Acanthamöba castellanii vorgestellt. Es werden Validierungsuntersuchungen mit gentoxischen Einzelsubstanzen wie z.B. 4-Nitrochinolin-1-oxid, Benzo(a)pyren usw. präsentiert. Außerdem wird die Untersuchung einer nativen Wasserprobe der Weißen Elster, die mit verschiedenen Konzentrationen eines EPA-Standards aufgestockt wurde, vorgestellt. Die beiden Testorganismen wiesen erwartungsgemäß eine unterschiedliche Sensitivität gegenüber verschiedenen Einzelsubstanzen auf. Die niedrigsten Effektkonzentrationen für beide Organismen konnten für 4-Nitrochinolin-1-oxid mit 1...10 μg/L ermittelt werden.     

酶解褐藻胶寡糖的HPCE分析方法研究

采用高效毛细管电泳法（HPCE）对酶解褐藻胶寡糖进行了分离分析,考察了缓冲液浓度、pH、电压及温度等参数对寡糖分离的影响.实验结果表明在pH=2.5,100mmol/L 磷酸盐缓冲液中,运行电压20kV,电泳由负极到正极,温度30℃,235nm紫外检测条件下,酶解褐藻胶寡糖获得了高效分离.     

The inventory and chemical characterization of dissolved proteins in oceanic waters

One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) were applied to separate protein molecules in dissolved organic matter (DOM) from oceanic waters. Results were: (1) The 2-DE distinguished a total of 412 protein spots in 10 samples from five water columns over the Pacific, although fewer than 30 proteins were resolved as bands from the identical samples by SDS-PAGE. (2) Major and ubiquitous protein bands (34 and 39 kDa proteins) on the SDS-PAGE gel were resolved into horizontally spread arrays (trains) of spots on the 2-DE gels, indicating that these bands were a mixture of protein species that have the same molecular weight (MW) but different isoelectric points (pIs). (3) Proteins that exhibited such electrophoretic patterns on the 2-DE gels were glycosylated with variable linkages between the sugar and polypeptide chains. (4) N-terminal amino-acid sequencing demonstrated that individual spots within each train of spots had identical N-terminal amino-acid sequences.The N-terminal amino-acid sequences of the 39 and 34 kDa glycoprotein spots in samples collected at different sites were also identical. Protein isoforms with the same amino-acid sequence but different glycosylation profiles, termed glycoforms, were often observed on the 2-DE gel. Thirty-one and 24 spots on the 2-DE gels were glycoforms of two glycoproteins with MWs of 39 and 34 kDa, respectively; they were one protein species. The glycoforms of the 39 kDa protein were identified as a low molecular weight alkaline phosphatase (L-AP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by a homology search through five amino-acid sequence databases. The present and earlier work indicates that all identified source organisms of dissolved proteins belong to the Pseudomonas group. We propose the hypothesis that proteins associated with membrane vesicles liberated from a minor member of the bacterioplankton assemblage, the marine Pseudomonas group, are one of the important sources of dissolved proteins in oceanic waters. This hypothesis may apply to the source pathway and survival not only of proteins and also to the universally occurring bacterial peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide components in DOM.     

Foliose Dictyoceratida of the Australian Great Barrier Reef III. Preliminary Electrophoretic Systematics

Abstract. Techniques of starch-gel electrophoresis were applied in a taxonomic assessment of a difficult group of dictyoceratid sponges. A phylogenetic tree derived from the resultant electrophoretic characters agreed well with a recent taxonomic revision of this group produced in a companion study. However, this must be seen as a preliminary result, as the electrophoretic character set was restricted to only three enzyme systems due to the extensive effects of a nonspecific enzyme which precluded the effective interpretation of most other enzymes assayed. This non-specific enzyme may be linked to a highly developed relationship between this group of sponges and symbiotic cyanobacteria.     

中国鲳属鱼类同工酶谱分析

对中国近海鲳属在的肌浆蛋白酶,酯酶,乳酸脱氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶等生化特征作了比较分析,结果表明,中国鲳属鱼类Ｐｍ,ＥＳＴ和ＳＯＤ具有明显的种的特异性,而ＬＤＨ则无种间差异。     

Abschätzung der Eignung einer molekularbiologischen Methode zur Charakterisierung der Grundwasserbiozönose

Assessing the Suitability of a Molecularbiological Method To Characterise the Microbial Populations in Groundwater A molecularbiological technique was used to characterise the bacterial community structure of groundwater habitats. This method consists of the isolation of bacterial DNA from the samples, amplification of 16S rDNA by PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and separation of the amplified DNA by DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). By using more specific primer combinations in the PCR instead of universal eubacterial primers, also groups of microorganisms (Proteobacteria, sulfate reducer, Archaea) were determined. The resulting DGGE patterns that reflect the microbial diversity are compared and differences or similarities evaluated. In the present studies, groundwater from different sites (bank filtrate, artificially recharged groundwater, and natural groundwater) and with changing redox milieus (aerobic, anaerobic) were investigated as well as the solid aquifer material. Besides, samples were taken from the different stages of artificial groundwater recharge, i.e., from surface water to the drain tile. Samples from groundwater derived from sites with different hydrogeochemical or hydrological conditions like bank filtrate and recharged groundwater revealed great differences in DGGE patterns indicating a characteristic species composition in these habitats, while samples taken at different times from the same groundwater showed only small seasonal variations. Clearly different patterns were also found for groundwater and the adjacent solid material as well as for anaerobic and aerobic groundwaters. Looking at artificial groundwater recharge, almost identical patterns were found in raw water and samples from gravel and sand filtration. DGGE patterns from the resulting groundwater indicated a total change in community structure during underground passage. By using group specific primers, Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfobacteriaceae, and Archaea could be detected in anaerobic groundwaters.The molecularbiological approach described here gives an increasingly comprehensive and more precise picture of the microbial population of different environments. It is especially suitable to compare the community structure from different habitats or to analyse changes for example due to environmental stress at the same site.     

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析方法对中国卤虫(Artemia)同工酶变异的研究

本文提出运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,对我国山东半岛几个盐场中的卤虫的十一种同工酶变异进行分析。其中三种同工酶,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH),以及四唑氧化酶(TO),表现为多态酶,并且存在盐场内和盐场间的相对变异。该项技术将有助于基础科学的研究以及在水产养殖中用来筛选和辨别卤虫的不同品系。     

5种海水鱼同工酶表达的组织特性及其电泳的初步分析

于１９９４年７－１２月，山东，福建省沿海采集真鲷、黑鲷、牙鲆、鲈和小黄鱼等５种黄６９２个生化样品，应用水平淀粉胶和垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法，对５种鱼的肌肉，眼睛、心脏、鳍，鳃、肾脏共７种组织的２３种同工酶进行了初步分析。