THE CLIMATIC CHANGES AND THE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT

Although the Yellow River Delta and Bohai Sea coastal zone are long distance and different environment with Po River Delta and Adriatic Sea coastal zone, the comparison of data of two different areas and the evolution trend of two areas are quite similar. The influence of natural climatic changes on the evolution of the deltas and coastal zones exists both in ancient and modern times. The cold/wet period occurred in 1300—1400A. D. and 1550 —1850 A.D. within this"large scale" climatie cycle, and shorter periods (10— 35 years) of cold rainy weather alternated with warm/dry period are known as "Bruckner cycles" which have influence on the evolution of the deltas and coastal zones.     

Distribution of As, Cr and V species in the Po-Adriatic mixing area, (Italy)

The distribution of dissolved and participate concentrations of As, Cr and V was investigated in the mixing area of the Po river in five surveys over the period March 1992-March 1995. The data obtained indicate noticeable contamination of coastal waters of the northern Adriatic with Cr but not As or V. Total dissolved concentrations for As and V were comparable with oceanic levels but were higher by a factor of 4 for Cr. These results suggest either low anthropogenic inputs of As and V, from terrigenous and atmospheric sources, or efficient removal mechanisms. The investigated metals had low reactivity during freshwater-seawater mixing and the distribution of concentrations in the dissolved and solid phases suggests that the dilution process is the main factor controlling the transport of these metals to the sea in low-to-medium solid transport conditions. Further investigations are required to elucidate the behavior of these metals during high solid transport conditions. Significant changes in the speciation of As occurred during the transition between the two end-member matrices. In the coastal waters of the northern Adriatic, the arsenite fraction in winter, and the arsenite and dimethylarsinate fractions in summer increased with respect to riverine waters. Changes in the speciation of chromium were minor, but also showed a small increase in reduced species in marine waters.     

Soluble organic compounds in fog and cloud droplets: what have we learned over the past few years?

We have recently set up a new procedure for characterising the water soluble organic compounds (WSOC) in fog water, for which information is still rather limited. Fog samples collected during the 1998–1999 fall–winter season in the Po Valley (Italy) were analysed following this procedure, which allows a quantitative determination of three main classes of organic compounds (neutral species, mono- and di-carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids), together accounting for ca. 85% of the total WSOC. This procedure also provides information on the main chemical characteristics of these three classes of compounds (functional groups, aliphatic vs. aromatic character, etc.). The enhanced chemical knowledge on fog/cloud chemical composition opens new scenarios as far as chemical and microphysical processes in clouds and fogs are concerned.     

Climate control on stacked paleosols in the Pleistocene of the Po Basin (northern Italy)

Paleosols are recurrent features in alluvial successions and provide information about past sedimentary dynamics and climate change. Through sedimentological analysis on six sediment cores, the mud-dominated succession beneath the medieval ‘Two Towers’ of Bologna was investigated down to 100 m depth. A succession of weakly developed paleosols (Inceptisols) was identified. Four paleosols (P1, P2, P3 and PH) were radiocarbon-dated to 40–10 cal ka bp . Organic matter and CaCO₃ determinations indicate low groundwater levels during soil development, which spanned periods < 5 ka. The development and burial of soils, which occurred synchronously in the Bologna region and in other sectors of the Po Plain, are interpreted to reflect climatic and eustatic variations. Climatic oscillations, at the scale of the Bond cycles, controlled soil development and burial during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (P1 and P2). Rapid sea-level oscillations probably induced soil development at the MIS 3/2 transition (P3) and favored burial of PH after 10 ka bp . Weakly developed paleosols in alluvial successions can provide clues to millennial-scale climatic and environmental variations. In particular, the paleosol-bearing succession of the Po Plain represents an unprecedent record of environmental changes across the Late Pleistocene (MIS 3 and 2) in the Mediterranean region.     

Deformation patterns of upper Quaternary strata and their relation to active tectonics,Po Basin,Italy

Despite increased application of subsurface datasets below the limits of seismic resolution, reconstructing near‐surface deformation of shallow key stratigraphic markers beneath modern alluvial and coastal plains through sediment core analysis has received little attention. Highly resolved stratigraphy of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e to Marine Isotope Stage 1) alluvial, deltaic and coastal depositional systems across the southern Po Plain, down to 150 m depth, provides an unambiguous documentation on the deformation of previously flat‐lying strata that goes back in time beyond the limits of morphological, historical and palaeoseismic records. Five prominent key horizons, accurately selected on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics and typified for their fossil content, were used as highly effective stratigraphic markers (M1 to M5) that can be tracked for tens of kilometres across the basin. A facies‐controlled approach tied to a robust chronology (102 radiocarbon dates) reveals considerable deformation of laterally extensive nearshore (M1), continental (M2 and M3) and lagoon (M4 and M5) marker beds originally deposited in a horizontal position (M1, M4 and M5). The areas where antiformal geometries are best observed are remarkably coincident with the axes of buried ramp anticlines, across which new seismic images reveal substantially warped stratal geometries of Lower Pleistocene strata. The striking spatial coincidence of fold crests with the epicentres of historic and instrumental seismicity suggests that deformation of marker beds M1 to M5 might reflect, in part at least, syntectonically generated relief and, thus, active tectonism. Precise identification and lateral tracing of chronologically constrained stratigraphic markers in the ¹⁴C time window through combined sedimentological and palaeoecological data may delineate late Quaternary subsurface stratigraphic architecture at an unprecedented level of detail, outlining cryptic stratal geometries at the sub‐seismic scale. This approach is highly reproducible in tectonically active Quaternary depositional systems and can help to assess patterns of active deformation in the subsurface of modern alluvial and coastal plains worldwide.     

210Po法在粤北青障山地区花岗岩型铀矿找矿中的应用研究

为扩大粤北花岗岩型铀矿找矿成果,以青嶂山矿集区1:5万210Po测量数据为依据,研究了210Po法在粤北花岗岩型铀矿找矿中的异常特征及应用效果。结合研究区地质特征,应用趋势面分析等数理统计方法对数据进行处理,结果表明:趋势面分析消除了不同铀含量的地质背景对提取210Po异常的影响;210Po法与地面伽马能谱、氡气测量、 AMT组合应用对寻找花岗岩区深部隐伏矿体具有良好的效果,多种测量方法均出现峰值的部位,为含矿构造带或铀矿体产出部位;经钻探工程验证,在210Po法及相关方法异常区揭露到铀矿工业矿段,210Po法在粤北花岗岩型铀矿勘查中具有较大的指导意义。     

南海与厦门湾海水中210Po和210Pb的粒级分布

对南海和厦门湾表层水中210Po和210Pb的粒级分布特征进行了研究.结果表明,南海海水中210Po和210Pb在不同粒级颗粒物中的体积比活度高低顺序为:(＜0.4μm)＞(0.4～2.0 μm)＞(2.0～10 μm)＞(＞10μm).210Po、210Pb主要存在于＜2.0 μm粒级颗粒物中.厦门湾210Po体积比活度高低顺序为:(2.0～10 μm)＞(＜1.2μm)＞(＞10μm)＞(1.2～2.0 μm),210Po主要存在于＞2.0μm粒级颗粒物中.南海不同粒级颗粒物中210Pb的质量比活度差异不大,0.4～2.0 μm和2.0～10 μm粒级210Po质量比活度约为10μm粒级210Po比活度的3倍.厦门湾210Po的质量比活度比南海相应粒级210Po低约1个数量级,且各粒级间差异不大,表明不同粒径颗粒物在210Po和210Pb清除过程中的作用不同.210Po和210Pb的固-液分配系数(Kd)及分馏因子(α)进一步证实南海0.4～2.0 μm粒级颗粒物对210Po的清除能力比其它粒级颗粒物更强,而＞10μm粒级颗粒物对210Pb的清除能力比其它粒级颗粒物更强.不同粒级颗粒物中210Po与210Pb之间的不平衡状况揭示了不同粒级颗粒物不同的来源,为210Po/210Pb不平衡示踪颗粒物来源提供了依据.     

壳聚糖酶基因在解脂耶氏酵母中的表达及重组酶性质研究

为构建高效表达壳聚糖酶工程菌株,以Microbacteriumsp.基因组为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因,目的基因与表达载体pINA1317连接构建重组质粒,重组质粒NotⅠ酶切线性化后转化解脂耶氏酵母Y.liPolytica Po1h。所得结果为PCR扩增得到约1000bp的特异性片段,序列分析表明含有壳聚糖酶全长基因,开放阅读框801bp,编码266个氨基酸残基。转化子酶活力为10.4U/mL,是原菌株酶活力的3.15倍。重组蛋白经DEAE-Sepharose FF分离纯化,达到电泳纯,SDS-PAGE显示单一条带,分子量约41kDa。重组酶反应最适温度为45℃,最适pH为5.6,Km和Vmax分别是0.926mg/mL和6.15U/mL。质谱分析酶解产物主要为三糖和五糖。实现了壳聚糖酶在解脂耶氏酵母中的分泌表达,为壳聚糖酶的工业化生产奠定了理论基础。     

STUDY ON ~(210) Po IN MARINE ORGANISMS IN NORTH CHINA WATERS

INTRODUCTIONWiththedevelopmentofcoastalnuclearpowerandmarinenuclearestablishments,peoplepaymoreandmoreattentiontothedistribution ,behaviorandpathwaysofsomeman maderadionuclidesinmarineenvironment.Thedischargedartificialradionuclidesoverlieabackgroundofnaturallyoccurringradionu clideswhicheitheralreadyexistedinmarineenvironmentorwasenhancedbysomeotherhumanactivi ties.Goodunderstandingofsomeman incurredradionuclides’impactsonpeopleandmarineorganismsrequiresknowledgeofsomecriticalnaturalradi…     

Distribution coefficients of210Pb and210Po in laboratory and natural aquatic systems

We have measured the distribution coefficient (Kd) of²¹⁰Po and²¹⁰Pb in laboratory systems and in natural freshwater systems. In the laboratory systems, an inverse relationship was observed between the particle concentration of sand or lake sediment, and the distribution coefficients of²¹⁰Po and²¹⁰Pb. The slope of the log-linearK _d vs particle concentration relation is consistent with existingK _d-particle concentration theories. These laboratory observations are consistent with similar measurements in two lakes. TheK _d values of Po and Pb for the bottom sediment-pore water system with a high particle concentration were 10 to 100 times lower than those for dilute concentrations of particles suspended in the lake water. TheK _d of²¹⁰Pb in the sediments was >10⁴ so that the diffusive transport of²¹⁰Pb has only a small influence on the interpretation of²¹⁰Pb concentration-depth profiles and the²¹⁰Pb dating of these sediments.This is the second of a series of papers to be published by this journal following the 20^th anniversary of the first application of²¹⁰Pb dating of lake sediments. Dr P. G. Appleby is guest editing.