Development of joints and shear fractures in the Kuqa depression and its implication to regional stress field switching

The superimposed basin must have undergone the changes of regional stress field. Study on the nature and switch of regional stress field of superimposed basin is very useful to understanding its stress state and tectonic events during its formation and evolution. As sensitive markers of small stress changes, joint and shear fracture, characterized by consistency of orientation over wide area, can be used to reconstruct paleostress state and its evolution. Detailed observations and analysis on the orientations, geometrical patterns, sequences of joints and shear fractures and their chronological relation to faults and folds show that, the NEE-SWW systematic joints and NNW-SSE systematic joints developed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata are much more prominent than NW-SE systematic joints and shear fractures with different orientations. And the NWW-SEE and NW-SE systematic joints formed later than NEE-SWW systematic joints but earlier than shear fractures with different orientations. According to the relationships between joint and shear fractures and stress, the NEE-SWW systematic joints are inferred to result from lateral weak extension caused by the late Cretaceous regional uplift, while the NNW-SSE and NW-SE systematic joints are interpreted as syn-tectonic deformation relating to strong N-S compression in the Neogene. But some conjugate shear fractures occur probably due to sinistral strike-slip faulting in the Kuqa depression. At the beginning of the Neogene, the stress field changed and the maximal principal stress σ1 switched from vertical to horizontal.     

思茅坳陷油气地质特征与勘探前景

思茅坳陷存在古生界和中一新生界两套沉积盖层,具有多套生储盖组合。以二叠系、三叠系为主力烃源岩,储层低孔低渗,侏罗系一白垩系“红层”组成区域盖层。思茅坳陷气水同喷、原油显示表明,该区海相地层仍有油气勘探前景,以存在K3-N区域盖层、断裂改造较弱、源岩成熟度较低、构造发育的英德一景谷、勐腊一勐满含油气保存单元为首选靶区,具有一定勘探前景。     

塔里木盆地北部库车坳陷白垩系沉积古地理

将库车坳陷内白垩系层序地层的划分、体系域沉积相的组成和分布特征与坳陷内及其周围的构造环境结合起来,从宏观构造背景上分析了层序和沉积相带的展布特征与发育规律。白垩系库车坳陷的前陆构造演化具有阶段性,控制了坳陷在不同阶段的沉积古地理的发育特征。亚格列木期和舒善河早期,库车坳陷的沉积古地理南北分带明显,具有南北双向提供物源的特征,粗碎屑分布在坳陷较陡的北侧。舒善河后期与巴西盖期,塔北隆起大部分已沉降至水下,至巴什基奇克期被同期高水位体系域沉积地层所超覆。代表特大型气田的克拉2井的主要储层就位于巴什基奇克期辫状河三角洲相带,其分布稳定而广泛,被称为“辫状河-三角洲砂体裙”。     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷油气充注期次及时间

应用储层流体包裹技术研究了恩平凹陷油气的成藏规律.结果表明,该区油气主要有两期充注,第一期充注时间较早(20 Ma),以油为主,原油主要来自深部文昌组中深湖相烃源岩,大量油气见于浅层储层;第二期充注时间较晚(5 Ma以后),以天然气为主,天然气主要源自文昌组烃源岩,油气主要分布在深层储集层中.研究认为第一期油气充注与盖层形成时间匹配不好,可能是浅层勘探失利的主要原因之一,因此勘探方向应以深层储层(文昌组)为主,寻找深层早期构造更为重要,是下一步勘探的重要领域.     

断陷盆地覆盖区不整合结构量化判识新方法——以济阳坳陷古近系不整合为例

地层不整合结构的量化判识是油气藏,特别是地层不整合油气藏成藏研究的关键问题。针对断陷盆地覆盖区不整合结构研究相对局限、量化判识不够的现状,研究了济阳坳陷第三系不整合纵向结构的发育特征,将不整合结构划分为Ⅰ1,Ⅰ2 和Ⅱ三种类型,它们可通过实验室岩芯样品的分析测试量化判识。由于不整合各层结构在测井曲线上都有一定的响应,因而根据多种测井曲线构建了综合分层曲线,并用最优分割法确定了地层中不整合面的位置。在此基础上,根据GR,AC和SP 曲线建立了主成分曲线,并综合岩芯地质和分析测试研究成果,提出了量化判识不整合结构的量化标准图版。该方法应用于济阳坳陷地层不整合油气藏勘探中,取得良好效果。     

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷断裂系统成因的砂箱实验研究及启示

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷的断裂系统十分复杂,为了揭示其成因机制,在三维地震资料构造解析的基础上,应用砂箱物理模拟技术,对涠西南凹陷的形成机制进行了系统研究.结果表明,南北向的"不协调伸展作用实验模型"能够成功地模拟涠西南凹陷晚始新世以来复杂的断裂系统,断裂系统的主体特征在这一实验模型中均得到了很好的再现.涠两南凹陷复杂的断裂系统是在基底先1竽构造基础之上,在递进变形过程中逐渐形成的,其裂陷期(晚始新世一渐新世)断裂系统是在一个伸展期内形成(南北向伸展)、并非是多期构造叠加变形的结果.这一认识不但能够有效地指导涠西南凹陷三维地震资料的精细构造解释,同时也能够为南海周缘盆地的形成和演化研究提供借鉴.     

Geochemical characteristics and genetic types of crude oils from Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields in the Lishu Fault Depression,Songliao Basin,northeastern China

The Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields are new Mesozoic petroleum exploration targets in Lishu Fault Depression of Songliao Basin, northeastern China. Currently, researches on geochemistry of crude oils from Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields have not been performed and the genesis of oils is still uncertain. Based on bulk analyses, the crude oils in the Qinjiatun and Qikeshu oilfields of Lishu Fault Depression from the Lower Cretaceous can be classified as three types. TypeⅠoils, from Quantou and Denglouku formations of Qikeshu oilfield, are characterized by high C24tetracyclic terpane/C26tricyclic terpanes ratios, low gammacerance/C30hopane ratios, tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios, C29Ts/C29norhopane ratios and 17α(H)-diahopane/17α(H)-hopane ratios, indicating a brackish lacustrine facies. TypeⅡoils, from Shahezi Formation of Qikeshu oilfield show low C24tetracyclic terpane/C26tricyclic terpanes, high gammacerance/C30hopane ratios, tricyclic terpanes/hopanes ratios, C29Ts/C29 norhopane and C30diahopane/C30hopane ratios, thus suggesting that they originated from source rocks deposited in a weak reducing brackish lacustrine environment, or clay-rich sediments. Type oilsⅢ, from some wells of Qikeshu oilfield have geochemical characteristics intermediate between those two types and may be mixture of typeⅠand Ⅱoils.     

黔南坳陷下寒武统烃源岩地球化学特征及成因

为明确黔南坳陷下寒武统烃源岩地球化学特征及成因,采用岩石热解、GC、GC-MS等方法对3个典型剖面样品进行了系统分析。结果表明:黔南坳陷下寒武统黑色岩系为一套区域性海相优质烃源岩,厚约50~150 m;烃源岩TOC值为0.13%～15.40%,平均3.31%(n=169);烃源岩干酪根δ13C值为-35.79‰～-29.88‰,平均-32.85‰(n=35),显微组分主要为腐泥组;烃源岩干酪根海相镜质体反射率值为1.95%～3.96%,其等效镜质体反射率值为2.02%～3.47%;烃源岩饱和烃正构烷烃分布多为单峰形,主峰碳多为C22,C30藿烷和C27规则甾烷含量高,规则甾烷多为C27>C29>C28,Pr/Ph值为0.27～0.62,具较高的伽马蜡烷和硫芴含量,OEP值为0.82~1.11,C31升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)值为0.56~0.63,平均0.59;烃源岩总体具有富集轻稀土元素,Ba、Mo、V、U等元素含量高,具较强Ce负异常、Eu正异常和较高U/Th值等特征。总之,黔南坳陷下寒武统海相烃源岩分布广,厚度较大,有机质丰度高,类型好,热演化程度高,是高古生产力和缺氧环境共同作用的产物,可为黔南坳陷油气生成提供雄厚的成烃物质。     

库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘盐构造分段差异变形特征

库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘秋里塔格构造带发育大量盐构造,其类型丰富多样。根据野外露头、钻井和地震资料识别出的盐构造样式主要有盐推覆、盐枕、盐墙、盐焊接、鱼尾构造、盐撤凹陷、突发构造、断层传播褶皱、断层转折褶皱和三角带构造等。秋里塔格构造带盐构造变形表现出明显的分段差异变形特征,其中西段却勒地区以古隆起(盐下)—盐枕(盐层)—逆冲推覆构造(盐上)为主;中段西秋地区以构造斜坡(盐下)—盐墙(盐层)—断层传播褶皱、向斜(盐上)为主;东段东秋地区则以断层转折褶皱(盐下)—盐推覆(盐层)—断层传播褶皱(盐上)为主。造成这种盐构造分段差异变形的主要控制因素包括基底断裂、含盐层系、构造转换带和变形空间等方面的差异性,其中基底构造和含盐层系的差异性起主导作用。     

干旱区典型绿洲热场分布规律研究——以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例

 全球气候变暖给整个地球的生态环境带来巨大的影响,在全球气候变暖背景下,绿洲热场的变化严重影响绿洲的生态稳定性,利用遥感卫星影像来监测热场分布规律具有很强的现实意义。采用Landsat7 ETM+热红外波段定量反演晴空状态下干旱区典型绿洲地表真实温度,运用影像叠加分析、直方图比对、缓冲区分析、空间自相关分析及剖面线分析方法,分析其热场分布规律。结果表明,绿洲热场分布具有显著的正的空间自相关特性,Moran’s I值为0.5489,z检验值为48.44,同时呈现出显著的局部空间集聚现象; 就全局而言,热场分布规律为水体温度<耕地温度<林草地温度<城镇温度<裸地温度<盐碱地温度,均温分别为21.65 ℃、27.86 ℃、35.59 ℃、36.52 ℃、40.06 ℃、42.07 ℃; 就局部而言,盐碱地温度低于周边裸地温度,盐碱地平均温度比周边300 m、900 m、1 500 m缓冲区裸地的均温分别低0.59 ℃、0.44 ℃、0.26 ℃。水体、城镇、盐碱地、裸地的温度波动较小,热力景观单一,热场分布均匀,而耕地和林草地的温度梯度大,热力景观复杂多样,热场分布极不均匀。绿洲荒漠交错带的面积较大,它可以降低荒漠对绿洲的热力侵蚀,对保护绿洲有重要作用。