基于星载SAR信号的TEC反演新方法

由于星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统工作于电离层之上,其信号不可避免地将受到电离层的影响. 背景电离层以及电离层电子密度不规则体多重散射效应可引起距离向图像质量的下降, 在强起伏情况下, 多重散射效应对信号的延迟影响不可忽略. 针对此问题, 本文提出了一种基于SAR回波信号的三频相位自适应TEC反演新方法, 利用反演的结果对电离层的影响进行校正. 给出了校正前后的点目标成像仿真, 结果显示此方法充分考虑了多重散射效应引起的TEC估计误差, 可以有效地补偿电离层对距离向成像的影响, 提高了距离向点目标图像质量.     

基于ZH-1卫星探测的太阳活动低年顶部电离层不规则结构的时空特征

利用ZH-1卫星2019、2020年的原位电子密度观测数据,对卫星观测范围,即地理纬度南北65°之间午夜后顶部电离层的不规则结构进行研究,得到如下结果.(1)午夜后顶部电离层不规则结构集中区主要分布在地磁赤道、中纬度以及较高纬度区,白天赤道异常峰值区为不规则结构的谷值区.(2)不同纬度区不规则结构随地理经度分布呈现出明...     

GPS-CHAMP掩星探测的E_S层不规则结构经度变化规律(2001—2008)

本文利用GPS-CHAMP高分辨率的掩星探测数据,考察了E_S层不规则结构随地理经度和随季节、倾角磁纬与太阳活动的变化特征.研究发现,E_S层不规则结构的经度变化以波数1~5分量为主,呈现出多重波数特征.在低纬度带存在显著的波数4分量,其幅度存在季节依赖,在夏季和秋季明显高于春季和冬季.E_S层不规则结构出现率随倾角磁纬的变化表现为赤道区和中纬度区较低,低纬区和极区较高.E_S层不规则结构出现率的季节变化和年均值的逐年变化表现为夏季出现最频繁,秋季次之,冬春季最弱,随太阳活动水平的减弱而降低.     

个旧芦塘坝黄铜矿P-A分形模型研究

利用分形方法对微观尺度下矿物微观组构及变化进行研究是目前的热点.本文以个旧芦塘坝矿段不同高度的硫化物矿石中广泛发育的黄铜矿为研究对象.建立起微观条件下的黄铜矿矿物的面积-周长(P-A)分形模型,并研究黄铜矿矿物的大小、不均匀性及空间分布特征.探讨黄铜矿这一标志性矿物在不同高度中的变化情况.结果显示随着深度从1758 m...     

A laboratory model of surface crust formation and disruption on lava flows through non-uniform channels

Crust formation on basaltic lava flows dictates conditions of both flow cooling and emplacement. For this reason, flow histories are dramatically different depending on whether lava is transported through enclosed lava tubes or through open channels. Recent analog experiments in straight uniform channels (Griffiths et al. J Fluid Mech 496:33–62, 2003) have demonstrated that tube flow, dictated by a stationary surface crust, can be distinguished from a mobile crust regime, where a central solid crust is separated from channel walls by crust-free shear zones, by a simple dimensionless parameter ϑ, such that ϑ<25 produces tube flow and ϑ>25 describes the mobile crust regime. ϑ combines a previously determined parameter ψ, which describes the balance between the formation rate of surface solid and the shear strain that disrupts the solid crust, with the effects of thermal convection (described by the Rayleigh number Ra).Here we explore ways in which ϑ can be used to describe the behavior of basaltic lava channels. To do this we have extended the experimental approach to examine the effects of channel irregularities (expansions, contractions, sinuosity, and bottom roughness) on crust formation and disruption. We find that such changes affect local flow behavior and can thus change channel values of ϑ. For example, gradual widening of a channel results in a decrease in flow velocity that causes a decrease in ϑ and may allow a down-flow transition from the mobile crust to the tube regime. In contrast, narrowing of the channel causes an increase in flow velocity (increasing ϑ), thus inhibiting tube formation.We also quantify the fraction of surface covered by crust in the mobile crust regime. In shallow channels, variations in crust width (d _c) with channel width (W) are predicted to follow d _c∼W ^5/3. Analysis of channelized lava flows in Hawaii shows crustal coverage consistent with this theoretical result along gradually widening or narrowing channel reaches. An additional control on crustal coverage in both laboratory and basaltic flows is disruption of surface crust because of flow acceleration through constrictions, around bends, and over breaks in slope. Crustal breakage increases local rates of cooling and may cause local blockage of the channel, if crusts rotate and jam in narrow channel reaches. Together these observations illustrate the importance of both flow conditions and channel geometry on surface crust development and thus, by extension, on rates and mechanisms of flow cooling. Moreover, we note that this type of analysis could be easily extended through combined use of FLIR and LiDAR imaging to measure crustal coverage and channel geometry directly.Editorial responsibility: A. Harris