采矿权资产证券化初探

随着国家经济的转型升级,去产能、去杠杆的推进,在目前经济不景气的情况下,大部分矿山企业迫切需要有创新性的融资渠道来解决企业融资难的问题.相比较而言,资产证券化比较适合矿山企业.矿山企业依托矿产资源而生存,拥有这些资源的开采权利(采矿权),毫无疑问是这个矿山企业的核心资产.本文研究了目前采矿权资产证券化的国内外研究现状,并且从内部的因素和外部的政策因素分析了采矿权资产证券化的动因,由此探索如何进行采矿权资产证券化的具体流程以及如何设计出交易结构.同时指出采矿权资产证券化有利于实现多方共赢,增加了企业的融资方式,有利于金融的创新.     

中国县域生态资产损益的影响机制及优化提升路径

生态资源资产化、生态资产资本化是实现“两山”转化的一个重要途径,开展生态资产及其损益核算有助于生态系统的有效保护、科学管理和可持续利用。本文在借鉴国内外生态资产相关研究的基础上,构建了县域尺度生态资产及其损益核算技术体系,分析了1990—2018年中国县域生态资产的时空变化特征,明晰了造成生态资产损益的影响因素及作用机制,并针对具有不同生态资源类型、损益状况、驱动要素特征的县域提出了差异化的优化提升路径。结果表明：① 以农田、森林生态资源为主的县域数分别约占县域总数的45%和37%;1990—2018年中国县域生态存量资产的质量整体呈波动中上升趋势,而生态流量资产的变化趋势差异显著,近70%县域水源涵养量减少。② 生态流量资产价值呈现损与益态势的县域数分别约占44%和37%,空间分布呈现与“胡焕庸线”一致的分割特征,即西北广大地区县域明显增益,而东部和南部县域有所减损。③ 1990—2018年中国超过70%县域生态资产变化受气候变化与人类活动共同驱动,人类活动对生态资产增益县域的平均作用率约80%,而气候变化对生态资产减损县域的平均作用率约为60%。④ 综合分析,可将全国县域分为适应、减缓气候变化和生态资源修复、保护、管理5种类型,采用差异化的生态资产优化提升路径。     

Comprehensive Evaluation of Farm Household Livelihood Assets in a Western Mountainous Area of China: A Case Study in Zunyi City

As the foundation of farm household structure, livelihood asset status is the basis for farmers to gain opportunities, adopt livelihood strategies, resist livelihood risk, and engage in positive livelihood achievements. Quantifying farm household assets identifies future development trends that are fundamentally necessary to predict farm household vulnerability and strategy, as well as understanding farmers’ current living situations. Using Zunyi City in China’s western mountainous area as a case study, we conducted stratified sampling and participatory rural investigation appraisal to collect data on the attributes of farm households’ livelihood assets and livelihood strategies to establish an index evaluation system and enable evaluation and analysis of farm households with different livelihood strategies. Our research indicates that due to structural differences, total livelihood assets of farm households with different livelihood strategies are similar. Rural households have an abundance of natural and material assets and deficiencies in human, financial and social assets. Non-rural households and part- time households are abundant in human, financial and social assets and deficient in natural and material assets.     

基于POI的北京物流业区位特征与分异机制

物流节点和物流企业作为物流空间的核心载体和组织主体,其区位特征和分异机制识别对优化城市物流空间布局、合理配置物流资源有重要意义。2014年12月基于腾讯在线地图平台,采集了北京市4396个物流POI。采用产业集中度评价、核密度分析等方法,刻画了北京物流空间格局,阐明了类型差异、供需侧因素与区位选择行为的微观作用机理,揭示了交通、地租、资产对空间分异形成的内在机制。研究表明：① 物流企业和物流节点呈现协同集聚和空间分离相结合的区位特征;物流活动总体呈现“中心边缘、近郊和远郊交错”的空间格局,与物流就业空间耦合度低。② 由物流园区和物流中心构成的公共物流空间是政府引导的结果,由服务于特定行业和终端用户的配送中心构成的末端物流空间多为企业主导,两者区位分异显著。③ 在物流区位形成过程中,政府通过规划交通线路和货运场站改变交通区位条件,配置物流仓储用地影响不同区域物流地租和可得性,进而调控企业行为并形成物流空间的类型与职能分异;企业则通过资产配置的差异化来满足不同服务对象的多样化需求,促进专业化分工并形成物流空间的对象分异。     

自然资源资产数据体系与审计信息化建设思路

针对领导干部自然资源资产离任审计工作的特点和需求,提出了自然资源资产数据体系与审计信息化建设思路。着重介绍了数据体系构成、数据来源和数据库的设计,提出了审计信息化建设的原则、总体框架和功能设计,分析了当前存在的关键问题并提出建议,为自然资源资产审计信息化建设提供了一种思路和方法,对自然资源资产离任审计工作具有借鉴意义。     

矿产的资产评估方法与矿业权流转价格、矿业税费征收标准的关系

论证了对矿产资源作为一种国有资产进行资产评估,评估对象应是其原有价值,即开发它的超额利润－－绝对地（矿）租和第一形态级差地（矿）租;也就是净现值。大部分应以资源税的形式收归国有;小部分可由矿产勘查、开发者分享。矿业权流转的价格应该由勘查、开发投资及其资金平均利润,中少量、合理的上述超额利润构成。现行矿业税旨收标准过高。     

干旱区生态资产定量评估的技术体系

生态资产是生态系统生物资源直接价值及其生态服务功能价值的总和,干旱区支撑资源开发的生态环境相对比较脆弱,对生态资产价值进行评估是将其纳入社会与市场经济体系、引起社会对生态环境建设高度重视的必要条件。本文在评述了国内外有关生态资产评估研究进展的基础上,应用遥感技术、全球定位系统、地理信息系统(3S技术)对生态资产价值评估的技术方法进行了分析,然后根据干旱区生态资产测量的特征,建立了基于遥感的生态资产价值评估模型,同时提出了基于定量遥感的生态资产测量技术体系的主要内容和实现过程,为全面开     

从生产资产到生态资产：资产—资本完备性

本研究探讨从生产资产（produc edassets）到生态资产的完备化理论。其内容主要包括：资产-资本完备化;生态资产定义、构成、分类与比较;经济权与完备化,为该研究的第一部分内容。首先,回顾了国内外环境、资源与生态经济学领域有关资产和资本的研究概况,指出当前该领域的前沿热点之一是从生产资产走向生态资产的综合与系统化,这一发展趋势突出体现在关于资产-资本的完备化研究。通过简要地分析新古典经济学中资产和资本范畴的局限性及其所产生的不完备性,总结出其主要表现是概念不完备性、价值不完备性和权义不完备性,而价值不完备性是当前研究的核心问题。在此基础上,进一步评述了现代经济学在资产或资本完备化研究中所取得的重要进展及有待解决的重大问题。该文从系统学意义上提出,推出完备化过程首先需要建立系统资产和资本概念,并进一步讨论了系统资产和资本的基本内涵,提出了资产-资本完备化的 5个法则。     

The role of money in China’s urban production: the local property industry in Qujing,a fourth-tier city

What has made the urbanization of capital possible in China since the late 1990s? A major strand of literature in urban geography has pointed out land as the main trigger of urbanization. Scholars have highlighted the empowerment of local governments and their subsequent role in implementing China’s national urbanization objectives because of substantial revenues from the commodification of land. Other scholars have looked beyond the supply side, emphasizing the role of demand in stimulating urban development in China. In terms of demand, the speculative rationale of urban households aided land and property development during the 2000s, when property became a main alternative financial asset. However, this still raises the question of how urban production is financed. Based on a case study of the fourth-tier city of Qujing, in Yunnan province, this article investigates the financing of urban production from the perspective of the development industry. For the time being, little is known about how these companies finance their operations.     

Investigating rural poverty and marginality in Burkina Faso using remote sensing-based products

Poverty at the national and sub-national level is commonly mapped on the basis of household surveys. Typical poverty metrics like the head count index are not able to identify its underlaying factors, particularly in rural economies based on subsistence agriculture. This paper relates agro-ecological marginality identified from regional and global datasets including remote sensing products like the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and rainfall to rural agricultural production and food consumption in Burkina Faso. The objective is to analyze poverty patterns and to generate a fine resolution poverty map at the national scale. We compose a new indicator from a range of welfare indicators quantified from Georeferenced household surveys, indicating a spatially varying set of welfare and poverty states of rural communities. Next, a local spatial regression is used to relate each welfare and poverty state to the agro-ecological marginality. Our results show strong spatial dependency of welfare and poverty states over agro-ecological marginality in heterogeneous regions, indicating that environmental factors affect living conditions in rural communities. The agro-ecological stress and related marginality vary locally between rural communities within each region. About 58% variance in the welfare indicator is explained by the factors of rural agricultural production and 42% is explained by the factor of food consumption. We found that the spatially explicit approach based on multi-temporal remote sensing products effectively summarizes information on poverty and facilitates further interpretation of the newly developed welfare indicator. The proposed method was validated with poverty incidence obtained from national surveys.