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谷德振先生开创的岩体工程地质力学是我国工程地质代表性科学理论之一,岩体结构力学效应是它的核心内容。本文简要概括了谷德振岩体工程地质力学的基本思想,介绍了近20多年来统计岩体力学对岩体工程地质力学理论的发展,包括岩体结构参数模型、应力-应变模型、强度与破坏概率模型、岩体水力学模型,讨论了岩体结构对岩体变形、破坏与水力学性质的各类力学效应与定量控制规律,并探讨了充分调动边坡岩体自稳潜力的主动加固理念、固脚和护腰的加固模式与锚固设计方法。本文认为,谷德振岩体工程地质力学深刻把握了岩体工程行为的基本控制因素和作用规律,具有强大的生命力,推进岩体工程地质力学的定量理论研究是后来者的历史任务。 相似文献
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Roger L. Hughes 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,133(4):665-689
It is well-known that some coastal currents such as the Florida Current have a recirculating region on their coastal side, while other currents such as the East Australian Current have no such region. Under the hypothesis that the form drag on a coastal current by an irregular coastal topography reduces the momentum transport of the current to a minimum for the given flow within the current, the hydraulic theory of coastal currents is used to explain this behaviour. 相似文献
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BEDSHEARINEVOLVINGSCOURATACYLINDER:ATHEORETICALAPPROACHSubhasishDEY1andSrijibK.KAR2Abstract:Thetemporalvariationofshearstress... 相似文献
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Differences in trace metal concentrations among fluvial morphologic units and implications for sampling 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study examines the segregation of trace metals within and between fluvial morphologic units in sand-sized and finer
bed sediments in a cobble bed stream. The types of fluvial morphologic units sampled are low gradient riffles, high gradient
riffles, glides, eddy drop zones, lateral scour pools, attached bars, and detached bars. Three to nine samples were collected
from ten of each type of morphologic unit. All 12 metals show significantly different concentrations between some morphologic
units in sediments smaller than 2 mm. Eddy drop zones and attached bars consistently have the highest metal concentrations,
while low gradient riffles, high gradient riffles, and glides typically have the lowest concentrations. Metals showing the
greatest between-unit variability are Al, Cr, Fe, Cu, and Ti, followed by Co, Mn, and Pb, while Mg, Mn, V, and Zn display
relatively few differences between units. Lateral and longitudinal variations of metals within units are not significant,
and there was no consistent, predictable variation in metal concentrations with distance downstream. Results indicate that
metal studies in other gravel- and cobble-bed streams should include a reconnaissance survey to determine variations between
morphologic units, stratify sampling by morphologic unit, and analyze spatial autocorrelation to determine sample spacing.
Received: October 1997 · Accepted: 23 March 1998 相似文献
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R. Willis B. A. Finney M. McKee A. Militello 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1989,3(2):71-84
A new methodology is presented for the solution of the stochastic hydraulic equations characterizing steady, one-dimensional estuarine flow. The methodology is predicated on quasi-linearization, perturbation methods, and the finite difference approximation of the stochastic differential operators. Assuming Manning's roughness coefficient is the principal source of uncertainty in the model, stochastic equations are presented for the water depths and flow rates in the estuarine system. Moment equations are developed for the mean and variance of the water depths. The moment equations are compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulation experiments. The results confirm that for any spatial location in the estuary that (1) as the uncertainty in the channel roughness increases, the uncertainty in mean depth increases, and (2) the predicted mean depth will decrease with increasing uncertainty in Manning'sn. The quasi-analytical approach requires significantly less computer time than Monte Carlo simulations and provides explicit 相似文献
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LIVE-BED SCOUR IN LONG CONTRACTIONS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Subhasish DEY Rajkumar V. RAIKAR 《国际泥沙研究》2006,21(2):166-170
1 INTRODUCTION Scour within a channel contraction occurs where the waterway is restricted by the foundations or road approach embankments of a bridge. Alternately, contraction scour takes place when a bridge is located at a natural contraction in the rive… 相似文献
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Despite the presence of gas in river beds being a well known phenomenon, its potential feedbacks on the hydraulic and thermal dynamics of the hyporheic zone has not been widely studied. This paper explores hypotheses that the presence of accumulated gas impacts the hydraulic and thermal dynamics of a river bed due to changes in specific storage, hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity, and thermal diffusivity. The hypotheses are tested using data analysis and modelling for a study site on the urban River Tame, Birmingham, UK. Gas, predominantly attributed to microbial denitrification, was observed in the river bed up to around 14% by volume, and to at least 0.8 m depth below river bed. Numerical modelling indicates that, by altering the relative hydraulic conductivity distribution, the gas in the river bed leads to an increase of groundwater discharge from the river banks (relative to river bed) by a factor of approximately 2 during river low flow periods. The increased compressible storage of the gas phase in the river bed leads to an increase in the simulated volume of river water invading the river bed within the centre of the channel during storm events. The exchange volume can be more than 30% greater in comparison to that for water saturated conditions. Furthermore, the presence of gas also reduces the water-filled porosity, and so the possible depth of such invading flows may also increase markedly, by more than a factor of 2 in the observed case. Observed diurnal temperature variations within the gaseous river bed at 0.1 and 0.5 m depth are, respectively, around 1.5 and 6 times larger than those predicted for saturated sediments. Annual temperature fluctuations are seen to be enhanced by around 4 to 20% compared to literature values for saturated sediments. The presence of gas may thus alter the bulk thermal properties to such a degree that the use of heat tracer techniques becomes subject to a much greater degree of uncertainty. Although the likely magnitude of thermal and hydraulic changes due to the presence of gas for this site have been demonstrated, further research is needed into the origins of the gas and its spatial and temporal variability to enable quantification of the significance of these changes for chemical attenuation and hyporheic zone biology. 相似文献
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The fortnightly and monthly variability of the exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar has been studied from two simultaneous five-month long moored datasets, at Camarinal Sill and the East Section. The study focuses on the Msf and Mm tidal components and their role for the subinertial exchange. A significant monthly signal is observed in the upper layer transport. Also, a significant fortnightly signal is observed in the lower layer transport, which minimum (maximum flow toward the Atlantic) takes place approximately on spring tides. In consequence the net transport has both signals, with maximum taking place during neap tides and a small monthly inequality. Fortnightly and monthly variability in the interface depth is also observed at Camarinal Sill, the interface being deeper on neap and shallower on spring tides. At the East Section the interface depth signals are not significant.The subinertial variability of the transports is separated in two contributions. The first one is called quasistatic transport and arises from the subinertial fluctuations of currents. The second contribution, called tidally rectified transports, arise from the non-linear correlation of currents and interface depth at tidal frequencies. The tidally rectified transports are important at Camarinal but not at the East Section. An apparent contradiction between the fortnightly signals of the subinertial currents and subinertial transports is resolved when the fortnightly signal of the tidally rectified transports are considered. The fortnightly signal of the quasistatic and tidally rectified transports mutually cancel in the upper layer, but not in the lower layer where the rectified transports dominate. A simple model for the spring-tide mixing forcing accounts for the fortnightly variability of the lower layer quasistatic transports but underestimates it for the upper layer. Finally, the observed lower layer transport is compatible with the hydraulic control condition at Camarinal Sill except for certain periods during intense spring tides. 相似文献