Appraisal of a new 1D weighted joint inversion of ground based and helicopter‐borne electromagnetic data

In order to couple spatial data from frequency‐domain helicopter‐borne electromagnetics with electromagnetic measurements from ground geophysics (transient electromagnetics and radiomagnetotellurics), a common 1D weighted joint inversion algorithm for helicopter‐borne electromagnetics, transient electromagnetics and radiomagnetotellurics data has been developed. The depth of investigation of helicopter‐borne electromagnetics data is rather limited compared to time‐domain electromagnetics sounding methods on the ground. In order to improve the accuracy of model parameters of shallow depth as well as of greater depth, the helicopter‐borne electromagnetics, transient electromagnetics, and radiomagnetotellurics measurements can be combined by using a joint inversion methodology. The 1D joint inversion algorithm is tested for synthetic data of helicopter‐borne electromagnetics, transient electromagnetics and radiomagnetotellurics. The proposed concept of the joint inversion takes advantage of each method, thus providing the capability to resolve near surface (radiomagnetotellurics) and deeper electrical conductivity structures (transient electromagnetics) in combination with valuable spatial information (helicopter‐borne electromagnetics). Furthermore, the joint inversion has been applied on the field data (helicopter‐borne electromagnetics and transient electromagnetics) measured in the Cuxhaven area, Germany. In order to avoid the lessening of the resolution capacities of one data type, and thus balancing the use of inherent and ideally complementary information content, a parameter reweighting scheme that is based on the exploration depth ranges of the specific methods is proposed. A comparison of the conventional joint inversion algorithm, proposed by Jupp and Vozoff ( 1975 ), and of the newly developed algorithm is presented. The new algorithm employs the weighting on different model parameters differently. It is inferred from the synthetic and field data examples that the weighted joint inversion is more successful in explaining the subsurface than the classical joint inversion approach. In addition to this, the data fittings in weighted joint inversion are also improved.     

直升机飞行专题图分层设色方案研究与实践

随着我国低空空域的逐步开放,直升机的应用会越来越广泛。面向直升机飞行使用的专题图需求会越来越迫切。本文在深入研究直升机的飞行特点基础之上,结合分层设色的原理和方法,研究和设计了面向直升机飞行使用的专题图分层设色方案。实践表明该方案能够突出直升机飞行时对地形、地貌关注的特点,对飞行员认知地形具有一定的帮助,具有一定的实用价值。     

高精度直升机机载LiDAR在高速公路改扩建勘测中的应用可行性研究

机载LiDAR在公路勘测方面的用途日益广泛。该文对直升机机载LiDAR在高速公路改扩建中的应用技术路线可行性进行了研究论证,从地面控制测量、点云数据获取、点云数据处理、成果应用等多个方面进行了阐述,通过分析LiDAR点云数据在5种不同地面控制点布设方案校正下的点云数据精度,论证了利用地面控制点对直升机机载LiDAR点云数据进行平面和高程校正的可行性。     

直升机大比例尺航空物探在深部找矿中的应用前景

为克服深部及矿区外围地面物探工作难度大、勘探周期长等不利因素,探讨了利用直升机快速获取高分辨率航空物探资料的方法。以成功应用实例,总结了直升机航空物探方法技术的特点和优势,并针对目前深部找矿工作区的部署特点,展望了直升机物探利用磁、电、能谱综合信息,挖掘矿山深部及外围资源潜力,直接为地质找矿服务的应用前景。     

基于PCA-RBF神经网络的航空飞行几何参数拟合

采用地面异常线圈对直升机时域航空电磁探测系统进行标定时,发射-接收线圈姿态的变化将导致实测数据产生误差,影响标定的精度.本文基于时间域航空电磁系统,计算了发射-接收线圈姿态任意变化时异常线圈的电磁响应,提出了主成分分析-径向基神经网络(PCA-RBF)的拟合算法,采用主成分分析法提取飞行几何参数的贡献率,利用径向基神经网络法对电磁响应进行了测线剖面的批量数据拟合,并对理论仿真和河南桐柏直升机飞行试验数据进行拟合分析,单一异常体理论数据的绝对误差平均值小于20 nV·m-2,双异常体理论数据绝对误差平均值为160 nV·m-2.野外实测数据在异常线圈中心位置的拟合相对误差小于1%,整条剖面测线的拟合相对误差小于±6%,平均值为2.5%.结果表明PCA-RBF拟合算法能够较好地实现航空电磁系统飞行参数的拟合,为航空电磁系统海量实测数据的快速处理提供了新方法.     

用扩散电场法估算CHTEM-I系统的探测深度

时间域航空电磁系统的探测深度是一项关键技术参数,在系统研制设计和资料解释中都有重要作用.当目标层与围岩电性差异不大或目标层引起的异常响应不明显时,常规的估算探测深度方法不再适用,为克服这种缺陷,本文提出了一种系统探测深度的估算方法,该方法通过模拟电场在均匀半空间模型和层状模型中的扩散过程,记录电场最大幅值在地下的瞬时位置,将系统的探测深度定义为观测到的响应值等于给定的噪声水平时,对应时刻的地下介质中感应电场幅度的最大值对应的深度.论文以我国自主研制的直升机时间域航空电磁系统CHTEM-I为例,根据对不同条件下的计算结果的分析,给出了探测深度与模型电导率、飞行高度和噪声水平之间的关系曲线,并总结出一些能够提高系统探测深度的建议.结果表明半空间模型电导率在0.000295~0.0422 S/m范围内,CHTEM-I系统可以在噪声水平与t－0.5成正比条件下达到300 m的探测深度.本文方法的估算结果不受模型层厚薄,或目标层与围岩电性差异小等因素影响,因而具有较高的实用性.文中的结论对时间域航空电磁系统设计有理论指导意义,也可用于其它时间域电磁勘探系统探测深度的估算.     

三维频率域航空电磁反演研究

航空电磁数据的三维解释由于数据量大需要有高效的反演算法作为支撑.本文利用两种目前主流的数值优化技术（非线性共轭梯度和有限内存的BFGS法）实现了三维频率域航空电磁反演,并进一步比较了两种方法的有效性和运算效率.在反演过程中,为了更好地反演异常体的空间位置,模型方差矩阵中的光滑系数在反演起始阶段取值较大;当数据拟合差下降趋于平缓时,再利用较小的光滑因子约束反演过程来实现聚焦和获得精确的反演结果.理论数据反演表明这两种优化策略具有相似的内存需求,但是有限内存的BFGS技术比非线性共轭梯度法在计算时间和模型反演分辨率上具有一定的优越性,因此有限内存BFGS法更适合于求解大规模三维反演问题. 模型试验进一步表明目前主流的迭代法求解技术不适合大规模航空电磁数据反演,未来移动平台多源电磁数据快速正反演可通过引入矩阵分解技术来实现.     

直升机TEM系统关键技术指标与探测深度分析

直升机TEM系统在国际上正处于开发实验阶段,还需2～3年时间才可投入商业应用。该系统即灵活、又有一定的勘探深度,在国外已经取得了一定的勘查效果,因此,它是今后航空电磁测量技术的发展趋势。直升机TEM系统的灵活性符合中国多山的勘查条件,而它的勘探深度有多大是急需弄清的另一个关键的问题。本文利用水平层状大地模型计算出的瞬变响应,分析了装置类型、磁矩、噪声与探测深度的关系,并得出了直升机TEM系统,在中国几种典型水文地电模型条件下的最大勘探深度,这对于论证我国是否发展直升机TEM系统提供了理论依据。     

吊舱式直升机频率域电磁系统 在北京密云红光铁矿的勘查效果

新引进的IMPULSE吊舱式直升机频率域电磁、磁综合系统是新型的数字化宽带系统,通过分析该系统在北京密云红光铁矿进行的试验勘查结果,其中包括电磁、磁场的剖面和平面特征,以及其转换的视电阻率和电阻率深度断面特征,并与以往Tridem固定翼电磁系统所测量的结果进行对比,证实了IMPULSE系统比Tridem系统具有较好的分辨率和较大的勘探深度,在矿产和水文勘查中具有显著的勘查效果。     

A comparison of landslide rates following helicopter and conventional cable-based clear-cut logging operations in the Southwest Coast Mountains of British Columbia

A comparison of landslide rates following helicopter and conventional, cable-based, clear-cut logging was carried out using results from two independent terrain attribute studies in the Eldred and Lois River watersheds in the Southwest Coast Mountains of British Columbia. Landslides initiating from directly within a road prism were excluded from the study in order to focus the comparison on landslides related primarily to conventional versus helicopter yarding methods. A landslide rate of 0.02 landslides/ha was observed in 162 terrain polygons logged by helicopter 8 years prior to this study. Landslide rates in 38 gullied polygons were 0.06 landslides/ha. No landslides were observed in 124 open-slope polygons. Over a similar 8-year average period, 0.03 landslides/ha were observed in 142 cable-yarded terrain polygons; 0.06 and 0.02 landslides/ha occurred in gullied and open-slope polygons, respectively. t-Tests indicate that total landslide rates are not significantly different following helicopter and conventional logging; however, a dichotomy exists between gullied and open-slope terrain polygons. Landslide rates are not significantly different in gullied terrain but are significantly higher on open-slopes following conventional cable logging. Consequently, landslides appear to have a greater potential to occur in open-slope terrain following conventional logging, but differences in gullied polygons are less likely. Increased post-logging landslide rates in conventionally logged, open slopes are more likely the result of undetected road-related drainage changes than differences between helicopter and conventional yarding-related ground disturbance.