Biostratigraphic and aminostratigraphic constraints on the age of the Middle Pleistocene glacial succession in north Norfolk,UK

Considerable debate surrounds the age of the Middle Pleistocene glacial succession in East Anglia following some recent stratigraphical reinterpretations. Resolution of the stratigraphy here is important since it not only concerns the glacial history of the region but also has a bearing on our understanding of the earliest human occupation of north‐western Europe. The orthodox consensus that all the tills were emplaced during the Anglian (Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 12) has recently been challenged by a view assigning each major till to a different glacial stage, before, during and after MIS 12. Between Trimingham and Sidestrand on the north Norfolk coast, datable organic sediments occur immediately below and above the glacial succession. The oldest glacial deposit (Happisburgh Till) directly overlies the ‘Sidestrand Unio‐bed’, here defined as the Sidestrand Hall Member of the Cromer Forest‐bed Formation. Dating of these sediments therefore has a bearing on the maximum age of the glacial sequence. This paper reviews the palaeobotany and describes the faunal assemblages recovered from the Sidestrand Unio‐bed, which accumulated in a fluvial environment in a fully temperate climate with regional deciduous woodland. There are indications from the ostracods for weakly brackish conditions. Significant differences are apparent between the Sidestrand assemblages and those from West Runton, the type site of the Cromerian Stage. These differences do not result from contrasting facies or taphonomy but reflect warmer palaeotemperatures at Sidestrand and a much younger age. This conclusion is suggested by the higher proportion of thermophiles at Sidestrand and the occurrence of a water vole with unrooted molars (Arvicola) rather than its ancestor Mimomys savini with rooted molars. Amino acid racemisation data also indicate that Sidestrand is significantly younger than West Runton. These data further highlight the stratigraphical complexity of the ‘Cromerian Complex’ and support the conventional view that the Happisburgh Till was emplaced during the Anglian rather than the recently advanced view that it dates from MIS 16. Moreover, new evidence from the Trimingham lake bed (Sidestrand Cliff Formation) above the youngest glacial outwash sediments (Briton's Lane Formation) indicates that they also accumulated during a Middle Pleistocene interglacial – probably MIS 11. All of this evidence is consistent with a short chronology placing the glacial deposits within MIS 12, rather than invoking multiple episodes of glaciation envisaged in the ‘new glacial stratigraphy’ during MIS 16, 12, 10 and 6. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ATON型Hall推力器缓冲区预电离问题研究

ATON是20世纪90年代新提出的一种Hall推力器设计方案,其中的缓冲区是ATON新采用的一种结构.本文对缓冲区的作用进行分析,在此基础上提出了采用附加电源提高缓冲区预电离率的方法.并采用PIC(Particle-in-cell)粒子模拟方法对这种设计方式的等离子体分布进行数值模拟.结果表明,通过增加缓冲区内的附加电压,能够有效地提高缓冲区预电离率.     

PWM驱动电机的电流环设计

总结了PWM驱动电机电流环的设计及提取反馈电流的方法，提出了一种无超调的电流环设计方法－－积分反馈校正方法，并探讨了小电流时电流环的设计各种获取电流的方法。     

Obituary – Emerita Professor Valerie Anne Hall BSc PhD FSA FHEA (1946–2016)

Professor Emerita Valerie Hall died on 28th July, 2016, in Belfast City Hospital after a long battle with cancer. Valerie was a renowned and highly esteemed inter-disciplinarian, who began her career in botany and palynology but made a truly international mark in the field of cryptotephrochronology. Between us, we knew her as a student, a supervisor, an examiner, a mentor, a colleague, a role model, and, above all, a wonderful, kind-hearted and generous friend. She touched the hearts and earned the respect of Quaternary scientists around the world. Here, to honour her memory, we reflect briefly on the great woman and scientist that she was.     

Computerised development control and approval system for City Hall of Kuala Lumpur

This paper will discuss the computerised development control and approval system being developed for the Planning and Development Control Department, City Hall of Kuala Lumpur, with stress on the GIS architecture developed within the system. The prospects and challenges towards implementation of the system are also discussed.     

G. Stanley Hall,Child Study,and the Teaching of Geography

Abstract

G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924), founding president of Clark University, was a leader in the child study movement and a significant figure in psychology and education in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Hall had pronounced opinions on many educational subjects, including the teaching of geography. His criticisms and program for the reform of school geography were based on a mix of European ideas of heimatkunde or “home geography,” developmental or “genetic” psychology, and his work in the child study and nature study movements. This article traces Hall's involvement with geographic pedagogy from the 1880s through World War I, including his sponsorship of the first American Ph.D. dissertation in the teaching of geography, completed at Clark in 1906.     

磁尾中交换不稳定性所产生偶极化锋面的动力学特性研究

本文利用考虑了Hall效应和有限Larmor半径（FLR）效应的磁流体数值模拟研究了在离子惯性长度/离子Larmor半径尺度内偶极化锋面的动力学特性.偶极化锋面由磁尾近地区域中由于热压尾向梯度和磁场曲率力不平衡所引起的交换不稳定性自洽产生.数值研究表明,偶极化锋面是切向间断,在相对该锋面结构静止的参考系中等离子体穿过偶极化锋面的法向速度为零.Hall效应主要影响与偶极化锋面的切平面相正交的电场,使得锋面切向电流增大,同时产生锋面结构不对称.研究表明离子在Larmor半径尺度产生的FLR效应可导致锋面结构的大尺度漂移运动.由FLR效应产生的离子磁化流速在偶极化锋面的日下点处指向昏向,锋面后区域的速度晨向分量增长,从而导致整个锋面结构向晨向漂移.     

Computerised development control and approval system for City Hall of Kuala Lumpur

This paper will discuss the computerised development control and approval system being developed for the Planning and Development Control Department. City Hall of Kuala Lumpur, with stress on the GIS architecture developed within the system. The prospects and challenges towards implementation of the system are also discussed.     

Voigt regularization for the explicit time stepping of the Hall effect term

This article studies the stabilization of the explicit time stepping methods for Hall Maxwell and incompressible Hall MHD equations. Since the Hall effect term contains two spatial derivatives, classical time-stepping schemes result in very restrictive CFL condition. We consider weakening the restrictive time step condition via Voigt regularization. We establish the energy stability result and validate our approach numerically. Numerical experiments demonstrate that we are able to take larger time steps, compared to classical schemes, at additional, negligible computational cost.     

A Hall MHD model to study energetic charged particle events produced during fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field intensity

Energetic charged particles, which are often observed in solar active regions, may be also produced in interplanetary space due to the decoupling of ions and electrons in plasma. The Hall term in general Ohm's law is generally thought to be responsible for the decoupling of electrons and ions in plasma during magnetic reconnection. In this paper, a Hall MHD model is developed to study energetic charged particle events produced during fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field intensity. Two energetic charged particle events are used to test this model. It is concluded that the Hall effect does not only play the important role in the process of magnetic reconnection, but also in energetic charged particle events produced during fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field intensity.