地震活动时序谱的涨落统计特征与地震活跃期

为寻求地震活动演化的统计判据，本文采用多项式拟合法展示地震时序谱之涨落谱，以分维函数法判断最小邻间距（NNS）分布的Poisson性，然后采用MKS无参量法判别涨落谱之统计稳定性，确定NNS分布的转变区，具体研讨了四川、云南若干震区地震活动时序谱的涨落统计分布，发现地震活跃期到来时NNS分布表现出非Poisson化的特征。进一步通过改变和调节时序数据样本集之震级下限，并逐段前推进行统计计算的方式进一步验证结果的可靠性，客观地确定了这些震区地震活动时序涨落谱统计特征的转变期，使根据该统计法判断地震活跃期的方法论渐趋完善。     

震源系统小震调制比（r＿m）和异常面积（Sr＿m）起伏加剧的时空特征与强震的中、短期预报

本文对强震前震源系统的调制比ｒ＿ｍ和调制比异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ随时间变化的起伏加剧现象进行回顾性研究，得到下列研究结果：（１）强震前近源区以及中强震前近源区大多出现调制比ｒ＿ｍ的起伏加剧，并大多在起伏频次达三次时有大震或中强震发生。（２）大多数中、强地震前ｒ＿ｍ异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ围绕震源区呈现由小至大、由大至小的过程，因此引入最小异常面积Ｓｒ＿（ｍｉｎ）和最大异常面积Ｓｒ＿（ｍａｘ）之比γ作为中、短期预报指标，根据统计得到异常指标［γ］如下式某些震例在震前出现异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ起伏的加剧过程，初步认为是震源区周围调整单元调整能力较差导致的结果。（３）ｒ＿ｍ、Ｓｒ＿ｍ起伏加剧开始时间与震级有关，震级愈大，起伏加剧出现愈早。根据半年步长逐月滑动得到的ｒ＿ｍ－Ｔ图，起伏加剧开始至发震的时间与震级Ｍ的统计，得到如下关系（Ｔ以月计）Ｍ＝４．２９＋０．１１Ｔ（４）强震前场区异常一般呈现随机异常型、波动型和衰减型三种。若场区某统计区出现ｒ＿ｍ的三次起伏加剧时，说明该统计区未来有强震发生。（５）由自治系统和非自治系统原理初步解释了震前震源区周围调整区调制比ｒ＿ｍ及调制比异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ起伏现象的周期特征。     

气压场巨涨落与非线性地震系统状态的突变和临震预报研究（上）

本研究以非线性孕震系统在爆发前夕的外敏性为物理基础，对大气扰动下的岩体失稳突变问题进行了初步的探讨，给出了气─－地耦合的一般表示，并连续分析了云南近３５年来大气压力场演化与场内近百次５级以上地震（内含１９次６级，４次７级）的基本关系，系统地证明了绝大部分强震都是在其上覆大气涨落加剧及与邻区气压梯度增大时突然爆发的，这种自然共性的揭示，既是对理论的认证，也丰富了短临地震预报的科学依据。     

震源系统不稳定度指标和强震短临预报

在探讨震源系统不稳定产生的物理基础前提下，应用调制模式提出了利用小震日频次起伏加剧与外因的相关性进行强震的短临时间预报的设想，具体提出了调制小震频次起伏加剧的两个判别震源系统不稳定度的指标λ＿１和λ＿２。前者为单因子调制指标，后者为多因子调制或多因子调制强化指标。关于大震的地点预报，应用立交模式短临阶段出现调制小震通过未来大震的共轭小震活动条带进行预报。     

The Co-seismic Response of Underground Fluid in Yunnan to the Nepal MS8.1 Earthquake

In this paper, statistics are taken on the co-seismic response of underground fluid in Yunnan to the Nepal M_S8.1 earthquake, and the co-seismic response characteristics of the water level and water temperature are analyzed and summarized with the digital data. The results show that the Nepal M_S8.1 earthquake had greater impact on the Yunnan region, and the macro and micro dynamics of fluids showed significant co-seismic response. The earthquake recording capacity of water level and temperature measurement is significantly higher than that of water radon and water quality to this large earthquake; the maximum amplitude and duration of co-seismic response of water level and water temperature vary greatly in different wells. The changing forms are dominated by fluctuation and step rise in water level, and a rising or falling restoration in water temperature. From the records of the main shock and the maximum strong aftershock,we can see that the greater magnitude of earthquake, the higher ratio of the occurrence of co-seismic response, and in the same well, the larger the response amplitude, as well as the longer the duration. The amplitude and duration of co-seismic response recorded by different instruments in a same well are different.Water temperature co-seismic response almost occurred in wells with water level response, indicating that the well water level and water temperature are closely related in co-seismic response, and the well water temperature seismic response was caused mainly by well water level seismic response.     

Prediction of ground motion in the Osaka sedimentary basin associated with the hypothetical Nankai earthquake

We studied the long-period ground motions in the Osaka sedimentary basin, Japan, which contains a 1- to 3-km thickness of sediments and is the site of many buildings or construction structures with long-natural period. We simulated the broadband ground motions likely to be produced by the hypothetical Nankai earthquake: the earthquake expected to give rise to the most severe long-period ground motion within the basin. For the simulation, we constructed multiscale heterogeneous source models based on the Central Disaster Management Council of Japan (CDMC) source model and adopted a hybrid computation method in which long-period motion and short-period motion are computed using a 3-D finite difference method and the stochastic Green’s function method, respectively. In computing long-period motions, we used a 3-D structure model of the crust and the Osaka sedimentary basin. The ground motions are estimated to have peak velocities of 50–90 cm/s, prolonged durations exceeding 300 s, and long predominant periods of 5–10 s in the area with great thickness of sediments. The predominant periods are in agreement with an approximate evaluation by 4 H/V _s where H and V _s are the thickness of the sediment and the average S wave velocity, respectively.     

辽宁短期气候变化的波动理论研究

通过近50 a的资料分析得知,气候形成三大因子太阳辐射、大气环流和地理环境年际间的异常波动是引起短期气候变化的根本原因,也是气候灾害年诊断预测的物理依据。运用波动理论不仅能诊断当年的气候灾害,还能开展3～5 a的气候趋势滚动预测。     

论风浪的局域结构──Ⅱ.风浪局域小波能谱的性质及应用

引入了局域小波能谱的局域间歇性度量,分析了不同风速下的风浪资料,结果表明,局域小波能谱可依局域频率分为三部分。风浪的群性在三维局域小波能谱图像下显示得更为明显,与风浪有关的一切性质都是局域的,包括风浪的群性。讨论了局域小波谱峰值与谱峰频率的涨落,指出了前者在工程设计中的重要意义,并发现了后者与风浪破碎有关的两种非线性现象。     

哈尔滨地区积雨云降水微结构特征

1999年5－7月，采用PMS公司生产的GBPP－100型地面雨滴谱仪，对哈尔滨地区各镒降水过程进行了观测。本文对其中的7次雷雨过程进行重点分析，得到积雨云降水的雨滴谱分布、微结构以及起伏特征等一些有意义的结果。     

共和地震前兆起伏加剧的层次性与大震的跟踪预报

基于大震前前兆起伏加剧具有普适性的特征，本文研究了１９９０年共和Ｍｓ７．０地震前地震频次、小震调制比、地下水中氧含量及泉水流量等异常起伏加剧的多层次性。结果表明，各台大多数前兆异常可分出３个层次。综合分析各台前兆异常的起伏加剧现象，可以发现，该次地震前异常群体的演变过程可分为４个层次，本文结合孕震过程对４个层次进行了分析。根据大震前兆起伏加剧的多层次性可以对大震进行跟踪预报。