Continental accretion and incremental deformation in the thermochronologic evolution of the Lesser Caucasus

Apatite fission-track analysis and thermochronologic statistical modeling of Precambrian-Oligocenc plutonic and metamorphic rocks from the Lesser Caucasus resolve two discrete cooling episodes.Cooling occurred during incremental crustal shortening due to obduction and continental accretion along the margins of the northern branch of the Neotethys.(1) The thermochronometric record of a Late Cretaceous(Turonian-Maastrichtian) cooling/exhumation event,coeval to widespread ophiolite obduction,is still present only in a relatively small area of the upper plate of the Amasia-Sevan-Akera(ASA) suture zone,i.e.the suture marking the final closure of the northern Neotethys during the Paleogene.Such area has not been affected by significant later exhumation.(2) Rapid cooling/exhumation occurred in the Early-Middle Miocene in both the lower and upper plates of the ASA suture zone,obscuring previous thermochronologic signatures over most of the study area.Miocene contractional reactivation of the ASA suture zone occurred contemporaneously with the main phase of shortening and exhumation along the Bitlis suture zone marking the closure of the southern branch of the Neotethys and the ensuing ArabiaEurasia collision.Miocene collisional stress from the Bitlis suture zone was transmitted northward across the Anatolian hinterland,which was left relatively undeformed,and focused along preexisting structural discontinuities such as the eastern Pontides and the ASA suture zone.     

塔里木盆地西北缘神木园—古木别孜冲断系的构造样式和形成演化过程

塔里木盆地西北缘的神木园—古木别孜冲断系,由神木园冲断带和古木别孜冲断带组成。前者位于乌什凹陷北缘,以厚皮构造为主,形成基底卷入型冲断楔。后者位于乌什凹陷南缘,为一盖层滑脱冲断构造,主滑脱面位于中新统吉迪克组膏泥岩。其中,古木别孜背斜是古木别孜断裂的断层传播褶皱。该冲断系是晚新生代南天山陆内造山带南麓的前陆褶皱冲断带的一部分,属于印度—亚洲碰撞的远程效应。该陆内造山带叠加在先存的增生—碰撞造山带之上。生长地层显示,神木园—古木别孜冲断系形成演化过程为前展式。其变形首先发生于冲断系根带的神木园冲断带,起始于上新世中期（3.5 Ma）。上新世末—第四纪初（1.8 Ma）向前推进至古木别孜冲断带,并在第四纪持续演化。

     

Local and far-field surface elevation around a vertical cylinder in unidirectional steep wave groups

The problem of diffraction of a unidirectional incident wave group by a bottom-seated cylinder is considered. We assume the amplitude of the incoming wave to be small in comparison with other linear scales of the problem, and develop the corresponding second-order perturbation theory. We use the Fourier transform to treat time variation and separate spatial variables when solving the non-homogeneous second-order problem. The resulting set of non-homogeneous Bessel equations is solved numerically.Solutions for various types of incoming wave spectrum are obtained including the Gaussian spectrum and the Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum. To validate the method, problems with gradually decreasing bandwidth of Gaussian spectrum are solved and it is shown that the corresponding solution approaches that for the monochromatic case. The Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum with a set of realistic physical parameters is used as an example of extreme wave interaction with an offshore structure. The corresponding first- and second-order solutions are obtained and the effect of non-linearity on the solution is discussed with the emphasis on the growth of maximum free-surface elevation on the cylinder’s surface and generation of high frequency free radiated waves.     

井中偶极声源在横向各向同性地层中的辐射波场

研究井中声源在地层中的辐射特性对发展井下探测技术具有重要的意义,而井孔周围地层的各向异性对弹性波激发的影响不容忽视.本文从井中偶极声场积分表达式的远场渐近隐式解出发,借助相速度与群速度之间的转换关系,得到了井中偶极声源在各向异性地层中的辐射指向性与辐射波场,并深入研究了声源激发主频与各向异性对偶极辐射特性的影响.结果表明: 与各向同性情况相比,SH波在辐射波场中依然占据主导地位,但各向异性的存在导致其优势辐射频率向低频移动; qP波与qSV波的井外辐射波场均包括qp和qsv两种分量的贡献; 在特殊各向异性地层中,qP波与qSV波的qsv分量会呈现出三叉区与幅度奇异值.本文的结果可以为井外全波场的观测以及偶极声波远探测技术在各向异性地层中的应用提供理论支持.

     

偶极声源在裸眼井及套管井外的横波辐射特征

偶极横波远探测技术作为近年来发展起来的一门地球物理测井技术,一个重要应用前景就是在裸眼井和套管井测井时寻找井外地层中的油气构造.本文从井中偶极声场积分表达式的远场渐近解出发,对裸眼井及套管井中偶极声源的辐射场进行了对比分析,首次得到了偶极声源在不同声源频率和不同地层类型下的辐射特征.并深入研究了套管井中偶极声源的SH横波远场辐射特性,给出了不同耦合情况下的SH横波远场辐射特性的变化规律,对比了套前套后SH横波远场辐射的异同.结果表明：井中偶极声源的远场辐射特性受声源频率和地层类型影响较大;在套管井中,偶极声源辐射到地层中的横波能量也可以进行远探测,尽管与裸眼井情况相比,辐射能量会有所降低.本文的结果为偶极横波远探测技术的应用提供了理论支持.     

2013年前郭震群5次M_S≥5.0地震远场地震波辐射能特征研究

2013年吉林松原前郭震群是一次典型的爆发式强震群活动,前郭震群MS≥5.0的5次主要地震事件呈现出了较为特殊的起伏特征。本文基于震源谱理论及震群型地震的特点,研究了该震群5次主要地震事件的远场地震波辐射能的特征。选取国家级台站长春台,针对前郭震群的地震动观测记录,分析观测记录的时间域、频率域特征,结合考虑震群型地震的地震动谱与震源谱参数的关系,计算5次地震事件的远场地震波辐射能,并进一步定量化地描述其在震源谱及地震波辐射能等方面的差异。研究结果表明,前郭震群中5次主要地震事件的第2次地震事件(No.2)为整个震群的转折点,其震级上表现出来的衰减特征与其地震波能量释放特征呈现出了明显的非一致性。实际上,No.2事件是前郭震群中最重要的一次事件,主要表现为相对低的震级和相对高的远场地震波辐射能。     

华东地区评估和推算场地最大水平加速度的一种实用方法

本文提出华东地区以地震地质确定性方法为场地工程勘察估算最大水平加速度的具体步骤,并指出如何考虑远、近场地震对场地地震动的影响,使提出的场地地震动参数更加合理,从而达到提高重大工程的安全度。     

西藏玛尼7.5级震与云南的远场前兆异常

远场前兆,是一种场兆,它是地壳构造活动的反映,往往也是强震连发的异常表现,它显示区域构造应力场的增强作用。１９９６年２月３日丽江７．０级大震后,云南省的前兆异常突出。前兆异常分布广,异常种类也多;有新的趋势性异常出现,持续多年的继承性异常也很多,有些前兆异常幅度类似于孟连、武定、丽江三次强震前的异常图象。１９９７年７～９月,这些趋势性异常或继承性异常出现转折与恢复,一些短期异常也趋于结束。如果说云     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震远场异常

2001年11月14日在我国大陆昆仑山地震带发生8．1级巨大地震,对该次地震前四川地区所出现的异常进行了分析。这类来自于震源外围地区与地震地质构造有关的信息与巨大地震的孕育－发生－发展的过程相呼应,是强震震源的一种场异常效应。这种远场异常效应包含了“孕育效应”、“震时效应”和“震后效应”。     

1992年蒙古曼来6.1级地震前远场前兆特征的研究

本文在对１９９２年８月３１日蒙古曼来６．１级地震前远场区域（△＝３００－４５０ｋｍ）部分前兆观测资料进行分析的基础上，认为具有区域集中性和时域准同步性的异常群，可能是孕震中、短期前兆的普适性特性，并据此对地震时、空、强三要素进行了预测研究。