Continental accretion and incremental deformation in the thermochronologic evolution of the Lesser Caucasus

Apatite fission-track analysis and thermochronologic statistical modeling of Precambrian-Oligocenc plutonic and metamorphic rocks from the Lesser Caucasus resolve two discrete cooling episodes.Cooling occurred during incremental crustal shortening due to obduction and continental accretion along the margins of the northern branch of the Neotethys.(1) The thermochronometric record of a Late Cretaceous(Turonian-Maastrichtian) cooling/exhumation event,coeval to widespread ophiolite obduction,is still present only in a relatively small area of the upper plate of the Amasia-Sevan-Akera(ASA) suture zone,i.e.the suture marking the final closure of the northern Neotethys during the Paleogene.Such area has not been affected by significant later exhumation.(2) Rapid cooling/exhumation occurred in the Early-Middle Miocene in both the lower and upper plates of the ASA suture zone,obscuring previous thermochronologic signatures over most of the study area.Miocene contractional reactivation of the ASA suture zone occurred contemporaneously with the main phase of shortening and exhumation along the Bitlis suture zone marking the closure of the southern branch of the Neotethys and the ensuing ArabiaEurasia collision.Miocene collisional stress from the Bitlis suture zone was transmitted northward across the Anatolian hinterland,which was left relatively undeformed,and focused along preexisting structural discontinuities such as the eastern Pontides and the ASA suture zone.     

Local and far-field surface elevation around a vertical cylinder in unidirectional steep wave groups

The problem of diffraction of a unidirectional incident wave group by a bottom-seated cylinder is considered. We assume the amplitude of the incoming wave to be small in comparison with other linear scales of the problem, and develop the corresponding second-order perturbation theory. We use the Fourier transform to treat time variation and separate spatial variables when solving the non-homogeneous second-order problem. The resulting set of non-homogeneous Bessel equations is solved numerically.Solutions for various types of incoming wave spectrum are obtained including the Gaussian spectrum and the Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum. To validate the method, problems with gradually decreasing bandwidth of Gaussian spectrum are solved and it is shown that the corresponding solution approaches that for the monochromatic case. The Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum with a set of realistic physical parameters is used as an example of extreme wave interaction with an offshore structure. The corresponding first- and second-order solutions are obtained and the effect of non-linearity on the solution is discussed with the emphasis on the growth of maximum free-surface elevation on the cylinder’s surface and generation of high frequency free radiated waves.     

华东地区评估和推算场地最大水平加速度的一种实用方法

本文提出华东地区以地震地质确定性方法为场地工程勘察估算最大水平加速度的具体步骤,并指出如何考虑远、近场地震对场地地震动的影响,使提出的场地地震动参数更加合理,从而达到提高重大工程的安全度。     

偶极声源在裸眼井及套管井外的横波辐射特征

偶极横波远探测技术作为近年来发展起来的一门地球物理测井技术,一个重要应用前景就是在裸眼井和套管井测井时寻找井外地层中的油气构造.本文从井中偶极声场积分表达式的远场渐近解出发,对裸眼井及套管井中偶极声源的辐射场进行了对比分析,首次得到了偶极声源在不同声源频率和不同地层类型下的辐射特征.并深入研究了套管井中偶极声源的SH横波远场辐射特性,给出了不同耦合情况下的SH横波远场辐射特性的变化规律,对比了套前套后SH横波远场辐射的异同.结果表明：井中偶极声源的远场辐射特性受声源频率和地层类型影响较大;在套管井中,偶极声源辐射到地层中的横波能量也可以进行远探测,尽管与裸眼井情况相比,辐射能量会有所降低.本文的结果为偶极横波远探测技术的应用提供了理论支持.     

2013年前郭震群5次M_S≥5.0地震远场地震波辐射能特征研究

2013年吉林松原前郭震群是一次典型的爆发式强震群活动,前郭震群MS≥5.0的5次主要地震事件呈现出了较为特殊的起伏特征。本文基于震源谱理论及震群型地震的特点,研究了该震群5次主要地震事件的远场地震波辐射能的特征。选取国家级台站长春台,针对前郭震群的地震动观测记录,分析观测记录的时间域、频率域特征,结合考虑震群型地震的地震动谱与震源谱参数的关系,计算5次地震事件的远场地震波辐射能,并进一步定量化地描述其在震源谱及地震波辐射能等方面的差异。研究结果表明,前郭震群中5次主要地震事件的第2次地震事件(No.2)为整个震群的转折点,其震级上表现出来的衰减特征与其地震波能量释放特征呈现出了明显的非一致性。实际上,No.2事件是前郭震群中最重要的一次事件,主要表现为相对低的震级和相对高的远场地震波辐射能。     

Michell and Hogner models of far-field ship waves

The far-field waves, and the related far-field wave drag, predicted by the Michell or Hogner theories are considered. These two classical theories are found to predict nearly identical transverse waves for all practical cases. However, the Michell and Hogner models predict divergent waves—dominant at high Froude numbers—that can differ significantly. Differences between the far-field waves predicted by the Michell and Hogner models are much smaller for catamarans, for which lateral interferences between the twin hulls overwhelm lateral interferences between the port and starboard sides of the hulls, than for monohull ships. Moreover, differences between the divergent waves predicted by the Michell and Hogner theories are larger for higher Froude numbers, bigger beam/length ratios, smaller draft/length ratios, or larger separation distances between the twin hulls of a catamaran.     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震远场异常

2001年11月14日在我国大陆昆仑山地震带发生8．1级巨大地震,对该次地震前四川地区所出现的异常进行了分析。这类来自于震源外围地区与地震地质构造有关的信息与巨大地震的孕育－发生－发展的过程相呼应,是强震震源的一种场异常效应。这种远场异常效应包含了“孕育效应”、“震时效应”和“震后效应”。     

1992年蒙古曼来6.1级地震前远场前兆特征的研究

本文在对１９９２年８月３１日蒙古曼来６．１级地震前远场区域（△＝３００－４５０ｋｍ）部分前兆观测资料进行分析的基础上，认为具有区域集中性和时域准同步性的异常群，可能是孕震中、短期前兆的普适性特性，并据此对地震时、空、强三要素进行了预测研究。     

银根-额济纳旗盆地西缘的中-新生代伸展构造

银根-额济纳旗盆地简称银额盆地,是中亚造山带南缘的一个中-新生代沉积盆地。最近的野外地质调查,在其西缘发现早侏罗世和第四纪晚期的伸展构造。早侏罗世的伸展构造为一系列走向NNW-SSE 的正断层,是下侏罗统的同沉积断层。这组正断层与银额盆地内NNE-SSW 走向的正断层组合成共轭断裂系统,指示古构造应力场的最大主拉张应力方向为近E-W。它们是中亚造山带（南缘）造山后应力伸展阶段的构造变形。第四纪晚期的伸展构造是由两条倾向相向的正断层组合成的地堑构造,走向进E-W,可能代表了喜马拉雅碰撞造山远程效应脉动式演化过程的一个构造间歇期。     

西藏玛尼7.5级震与云南的远场前兆异常

远场前兆,是一种场兆,它是地壳构造活动的反映,往往也是强震连发的异常表现,它显示区域构造应力场的增强作用。１９９６年２月３日丽江７．０级大震后,云南省的前兆异常突出。前兆异常分布广,异常种类也多;有新的趋势性异常出现,持续多年的继承性异常也很多,有些前兆异常幅度类似于孟连、武定、丽江三次强震前的异常图象。１９９７年７～９月,这些趋势性异常或继承性异常出现转折与恢复,一些短期异常也趋于结束。如果说云