22°晕的光强度和颜色分布

本文首次提出了22°晕的折射—衍射理论，计算了几种冰晶大小平均值ā和标准差σ情况下22°晕的径向光强度分布和色品坐标，给出了相对光强度曲线和色品曲线。探讨了冰晶大小及其分布对22°晕光强度和颜色分布的影响。理论计算的22°晕光强度分布与实测结果基本相符。事实上，22°晕是一种折射—衍射晕。     

A new approach to develop the Raman carbonaceous material geothermometer for low‐grade metamorphism using peak width

The Raman spectra of carbonaceous material (CM) from 19 metasediment samples collected from six widely separated areas of Southwest Japan and metamorphosed at temperatures from 165 to 655°C show systematic changes with metamorphic temperature that can be classified into four types: low‐grade CM (c. 150–280°C), medium‐grade CM (c. 280–400°C), high‐grade CM (c. 400–650°C), and well‐crystallized graphite (> c. 650°C). The Raman spectra of low‐grade CM exhibit features typical of amorphous carbon, in which several disordered bands (D‐band) appear in the first‐order region. In the Raman spectra of medium‐grade CM, the graphite band (G‐band) can be recognized and several abrupt changes occur in the trends for several band parameters. The observed changes indicate that CM starts to transform from amorphous carbon to crystallized graphite at around 280°C, and this transformation continues until 400°C. The G‐band becomes the most prominent peak at high‐grade CM suggesting that the CM structure is close to that of well‐crystallized graphite. In the highest temperature sample of 655°C, the Raman spectra of CM show a strong G‐band with almost no recognizable D‐band, implying the CM grain is well‐crystallized graphite. In the Raman spectra of low‐ to medium‐grade CM, comparisons of several band parameters with the known metamorphic temperature show inverse correlations between metamorphic temperature and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the D1‐ and D2‐bands. These correlations are calibrated as new Raman CM geothermometers, applicable in the range of c. 150–400°C. Details of the methodology for peak decomposition of Raman spectra from the low to medium temperature range are also discussed with the aim of establishing a robust and user‐friendly geothermometer.     

基于系列斑点图像的视宁度估算精度方法研究

半高宽法和像运动法是估算大气视宁度的常用方法,两种方法的估算精度都受到望远镜跟踪误差、风或者机械振动等因素的影响,提高视宁度估算精度在高分辨成像、选址、台站视宁度监测等方面有重要意义.对于半高宽法,用二维高斯函数拟合长曝光点源单星星像并选取合适方向的半高宽估算视宁度,可以有效改善跟踪误差、风或者机械振动等因素的影响.对...     

高光谱红外传感器在轨光谱定标

高光谱红外传感器高精度在轨光谱定标是红外遥感定量反演及应用的重要前提.本文针对大气红外探测仪AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)的观测数据,分析传感器等效入瞳亮温与大气透过率光谱中的吸收线特征,基于NODD和包络线去除的光谱归一化处理,融合多种光谱匹配算法构建非线性代价函数,提出了一种...     

黄河下游及河口区表层沉积物中U,Ra,Th,40K和137Cs的测定

本文从地球化学和环境保护的角度,用8180—4Kγ谱仪直接测定方法确定了天然放射性元素U,Ra,Th,~(40)K,及人工核素~(137)Cs的含量,讨论了它们的分布特点及其影响因素,指出了河口区与下游段元素变化的差异及其制约条件。     

3颗脉冲星自转性质的研究

正常脉冲星和亳秒脉冲星都表现出计时噪声.脉冲星的自转变化是造成计时噪声的重要原因之一.通过联合新疆天文台南山25m射电望远镜和澳大利亚Parkes64m射电望远镜的脉冲到达时间数据,使用脉冲星计时的方法对PSRJ1539--5626、J1832- -0827和J1847- -0402的自转进行分析研究,它们在到达时间残差上均表现出很强的计时噪声,低频噪声的功率谱分别符合谱指数为-6、-6、 -4.5的幂律,功率谱强度分别为1.77 x 10^-17 yr³、4.43x 10^-18 yr³和2.09x 10^-18yr3.这3颗脉冲星在自转频率1阶导数的变化上都表现出较为明显的振荡,振荡幅度分别为0.61(3)x 10^-15s^-2、0.54(5) x 10^-16s^-2和0.11(2) x 10^-15s^-2 (其中括号内数字代表末位数字的有效误差,下同),自转频率1阶导数振荡变化的相对大小分别是0.75(5)%、0.035(9)%、 0.076(2)%.利用Parkes 64 m射电望远镜的观测数据,分别获得了这3颗脉冲星积分脉冲轮廓及其半高全宽,发现3颗脉冲星的脉冲轮廓的宽度均有一定 的变化,变化幅度分别为0.0028(6)、0.00059(3)和0.00011(4)个相位.没有探测到自转减慢率的变化与辐射变化之间存在明显的相关性.