Field Evaluation of Arid Soils Wetting Pattern in Subsurface Drip Irrigation Scheme

A field study evaluating wetted radius (Wr), downward depth (Dd), and upward movement (Um) under different emitter discharges and lateral depths was conducted. Four emitter discharges (2, 4, 8, and 16 L/h) and four lateral depths (0, 10, 20, and 30 cm) were tested in a clay loam soil. Relationships were found between the emitter discharge and lateral depth versus Wr, Dd, and Um. Wetting area at the surface occurs under different emitter discharges and lateral depths except at 30 cm lateral depth. At lateral depth of 0 and 10 cm, Wr and emitter discharge were positively correlated. The Dd was not affected by emitter discharge except for laterals installed at 20 cm depth. At 30 cm lateral depth, the correlations between each of Wr, Um, and Dd with emitter discharge were poor. The ratios of Wr/Dd and Um/Dd, with respect to emitter position, were less than unity over different emitter discharges and lateral depths. These results shed some light on the design of subsurface drip irrigation scheme so that the spacing between emitters should be determined based on the lateral depths and discharge of emitters. Evaporation losses were negligible for the 30‐cm‐lateral depth since the upward moisture movement has not reached the soil surface area at all discharge rates tested in the study.     

相控线阵声波辐射器在声波测井中应用的可行性分析

通过有限元数值模拟例子，分析了相控线阵的辐射性对声波测井中各种波动模式波的幅度和到达时间等波形特征的影响，以及相控线阵作为声波测井辐射器的可行性.结果表明，只要在相控线阵的各阵元之间施加合适延迟时间的激励信号，就可以调整辐射器的辐射声束的方向，以有利于激发滑行纵波和滑行横波；只要采用相对较低的频率或使用加权相控线阵，就可以增大相控线阵的辐射主瓣角宽，以利于在任意地层有效激励滑行纵波.相控线阵的使用可明显地改善声波测井的测量质量.本文工作为相控线阵声波辐射器在石油勘探中的应用提供了理论依据.