九脊游仆虫(Euplotes novemcarinata Wang,1930)的纤毛下器与银线系研究(纤毛动物门,腹毛目)

九脊游仆虫(Euplotes novemcarinata Wang、1930)是土壤及淡水中生活的原生动物。本文对其重要的分类特征诸如银线系及纤毛下器做了形态学研究,确认了其分类地位,并比较了国外迄今的研究工作,在此基础上,将同物异名苔藓游仆虫(E.muscicolaKahl、1932)作了归并。     

人工越冬对虾体内寄生纤毛虫——旋毛蟹栖拟阿脑虫,新亚种的记述

报导了从中国对虾(Penaeus orientalis Kishnouye)越冬亲虾血淋巴内分离的盾纤毛目纤毛虫一新亚种,隶属于嗜污科(Philasteridae)拟阿脑虫属(Paranophrys),系蟹栖拟阿脑虫(Paranophrys carcini)一新地理亚种,定名为旋毛蟹栖拟阿脑虫,新亚种(Paranophrys carcini spiralis subsp.nov.)。本工作对该亚种做了蛋白银染色、银浸法、孚尔根染色,以显示其银线系、纤毛下器及细胞核器,并结合扫描电镜对虫体形态作了观察与鉴定。文内对该亚种的形态学作了描述并列表比较了所在属诸种主要性状特征以及本新亚种与相似种在形态特征上的主要差别,以确定新亚种的成立。     

Complementary Notes on a ‘Well-known’ Marine Heterotrichous Ciliate, Folliculinopsis producta (Wright, 1859) Frauré-Fremiet, 1936 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

1　Introduction　Folliculina likeciliatesarecommonlyfoundinlit toralzonesandareeasilyrecognizedbytheirlargesi zesandspecialstructures (i.e.vase shapedloricaandperistomiallobe) .Tillnow ,dozensofspecieshavebeenreportedworldwide (Kahl,1 932 ;Faur啨Fremiet,1…     

Separation and relationship of ten marine scuticociliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) using RAPD fingerprinting method

On the basis of the random amplified polymorphic DNA-fingerprinting (RAPD) method, 10 morphospecies of scuticociliates from 7 genera, including 15 clones of 13 strains, Uronema marinum, Uronema cf marinum, Parauronema virginianum, P. longum, Metanophrys similis, M. sinensis, Paralembus digitiformis, Mesanophrys carcini, Paranophrys magna and Cohnilernbus verrninus were analysed using 8 oligonucleotide primers. The genetic similarity among the clones of the same strain measured by a band-sharing index is 0.97～0.98,while 0.40-4).52 among strains. This value measured is 0.39～0.46 among congeners of the same genus, whereas 0.16～0.47 between different genera. A distance tree was constructed based on 8-primer analysis, in which the scuticociliates investigated were separated into two clusters: one consists of 2 genera, Uronema and Parauronema, and the other was composed of five, Metanophrys, Mestmophrys,Paranophrys, Paralembus and Cohnilembus. It is demonstrated also that the morphospecies Parauronema virginianurn may be a species-complex, i. e., it contains different genospecies.     

Studies on the cortical morphogenesis during cell division inHalteria grandinella (Muller, 1773) (Ciliophora,Oligotrichida)

Morphogenesis during cell division was investigated in oligotrichous ciliate,Halteria grandinella utilizing protargol impregnated specimens. The cortical morphogenetical pattern ofHalteria grandinella is generally similar to that given by Fauré-Fremiet. The proter inherits the parental adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) apparently unchanged; in the opisthe the oral primordium develops de novo from a single. AZM-anlage; somatic cirri for both the proter and opisthe are separately differentiated from 10 (seldom 9) cirral primordia that originate de novo from 10 latitudinal developmental analagen. The anlage of paroral membrane of opisthe forms just to the right of the posterior end of the oral primordium. Each streak of cirral primordia develops 4 groups of basal body pairs: both of the anterior two consist of only one pair of basal bodies, on the contrary, each of the last two groups has 2 basal body pairs. This project was supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China     

宽口虫(Steinia sp.)无性生殖周期中核器和纤毛器的演化

利用改进的蛋白银染色法，研究了宽四虫（Steiiniasp．）的形态及其无性生殖周期中核器和纤毛器的发育演化过程。其发生过程为：1．大核改组带出现后，口原基出现在老口围带后方之腹棘毛左侧，其内的毛基体组装成整齐排列的小膜，构成新AZM，老AZM后部也发生部分更新的现象。2．颇腹根棘毛原基各5列，分别以3：3。3：4：3方式分化成前、后仔虫的额、腹、横棘毛。3．在第1－3列背触毛中，分别于前、后仔虫的中部范围产生第1—3列新原基，每列原基向两端伸展替代老背触毛列，成为前、后仔虫相应的第一列新背触毛。4．在前后第3列背触毛原基后端发生前、后第4列原基，它稍偏向第3列原基的右侧，向前伸展成第4列背触毛；在虫体腹面，前、后右缘棘毛原基的前方出现第5、6列背触毛原基，后发育为第5、6列背触毛，在虫体演化过程中转位到背面。     

臂轮凹口虫新种及其生活史的研究

于1979年7月在武昌中国科学院水生生物研究所湖汊采集水草,经研究发现须根上栖息的轮虫体内有一种专门攻击萼花臂尾轮虫和双棘臂尾轮虫的凹口虫,经鉴定系一新种,其主要特征为,传布子长椭圆形,两端较尖小,中间稍微凹;体前方有锥形的钻孔器,后端有3—5根长尾毛;大核香肠状,小核一个,椭圆形,伸缩泡一个,居中偏后。营养子圆球形,直径78—141μm,大核肾形,小核和伸缩泡各一个,亦具尾毛;裂子数为2—32个。寄生。致死轮虫,并在轮虫躯壳内完成其生活史。能形成次级包囊和抵抗性包囊。     

寡毛双眉虫无性生殖期间的皮膜演化和细胞发生学

于１９９１年６月在青岛海区采集到一腹毛目纤毛虫,寡毛双眉虫。应用蛋白银技术研究了其无性生殖期间的细胞发生学,其特征为：１）ＡＺＭ原基独立地出现于远离模棘毛的前方而非紧靠老的横棘毛附近;２）口棘毛并非来自第一ＦＶＴ原基（在后仔虫）,而是由ＵＭ原基分化而来;３）老的ＡＺＭ将发生后半群的局部重建而非整个地由前仔虫简单继承。     

Structure and dynamics of the periphytic ciliate community under different hydrological conditions in a Danubian floodplain lake

Ciliated protozoans are important constituents of periphytic communities in aquatic habitats, including river-floodplain ecosystems. As the knowledge about the diversity and ecological importance of periphytic ciliates in floodplain habitats is still limited, the main objectives of this study were to analyse the temporal variations in the community structure and functional role and reveal the main environmental factors controlling community dynamics. The study was conducted in one of the Danube's largest conserved floodplains – Kopački Rit in Croatia. In situ research included two experimental series in a lake, the first from spring till winter and the second from summer till winter. Samples were collected biweekly using glass slides as artificial substrates for periphyton development. During the study, two hydrological (low-water and high-water) periods interchanged. High-water periods were characterized by greater water transparency and nutrient concentrations, while electrical conductivity, chlorophyll a concentration, total suspended solids and particulate organic matter in water were higher during low-water periods. Furthermore, hydrological changes greatly affected the periphytic ciliate communities and the highest abundances were registered during low water levels. We identified a total of 133 ciliate taxa, among which the peritrichs, sessile filter feeders, were the dominant representatives in the periphyton, with the highest densities registered in the absence of floods. During extremely high water levels, the composition of the ciliate community in periphyton changed, with mobile ciliates, predators and filter feeders, becoming dominant. This study indicates that the main food source for periphytic ciliates in a floodplain lake are bacteria and algae, confirming the important role of these microorganisms in the lake food web, by making the carbon fixed in bacteria and algae available for the organisms of higher trophic levels. Additionally, periphytic ciliates have a considerable effect on planktonic organisms in the lake, thus connecting benthic and pelagic food webs, especially during low-water periods.