斑鳢(Channa maculata)微囊藻毒素去毒相关基因sGST的克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR技术和RACE技术成功克隆淡水鱼类斑鳢sGST基因cDNA全序列,推测得到氨基酸序列,初步分析其结构功能域及系统进化关系。结果表明,斑鳢sGST基因cDNA序列全长为898bp,编码225个氨基酸。斑鳢sGST与真鲷、金头鲷、鲽、黑头鲦、川鲽、大口黑鲈等最新定名为ρ型的sGST氨基酸同源性较高,ρ型sGST为水生生物所特有并共同占据进化树上独立的分枝;与大鼠、小鼠、人等哺乳动物sGST现有所有类型同源性均很低,并且在进化树上距离也较远,表明本研究成功克隆的sGST基因应属于ρ型,可能在鱼类等水生生物对水栖环境的适应上有重要作用。     

Effect of Three Synthetic Pyrethroids to a Non-target Fish,Channa striatus Wirkung von drei synthetischen Pyrethroiden auf einen Nichtziel-Organismus,den Fisch Channa striatus

Exposure of Channa striatus over 24 h to 40% and 80% of the LC_50;24h of the three pyrethroids cypermethrin, permethrin, and fenvalerate did not cause any significant changes in the levels of total protein and free amino acids in the liver and muscle tissues of the fish. After 96 h exposure, the protein amino acid levels are altered significantly.     

Spatio-temporal distribution of Konosirus punctatus spawning and nursing ground in the South Yellow Sea

In recent years, Konosirus punctatus has accounted for a large portion in catch composition and become important economic species in the South Yellow Sea. However, the distribution of K. punctatus early life stages is still poorly understood. In this study, generalized additive models with Tweedie distribution were used to analyze the relationships between K. punctatus ichthyoplankton and environmental factors(longitude and latitude, sea surface temperature(SST), sea surface salinity(SSS) and depth), and predict distribution K. punctatus spawning ground and nursing ground, based on samplings collected in 6 months during 2014–2017. The results showed that K. punctatus' spawning ground were mainly distributed in central and north study area(from 33.0°N to 37.0°N).By comparison, the nursing ground shifted southward, which were approximately located along central and south coast of study area(from 31.7°N to 35.5°N). The optimal models identified that suitable SST, SSS and depth for eggs were 19–26°C, 25–30 and 9–23 m, respectively. The suitable SSS for larvae were 29–31. The K. punctatus spawning habit might have changed in the past decades, which was a response to increasing SST and fishing pressure. That needs to be proved in further study. The study provides references of conservation and exploitation for K. punctatus.     

斑鮰Ictalurus punctatus(Rafinesque)在贫困区高产养成试验

本文报导了从1990年3月10日—11月12日,在山东省临朐县进行的斑鮰养成试验。该试验除使用鲤鱼用配合颗粒饲料外,均采用传统的饲养方法;适时、适量冲换新水;一冬令鱼种规格、数量和种间搭配比例适宜;饲料按“四定”措施,历经247天的饲养通过验收、鉴定,亩净获斑鮰266公斤,花、白鲢206.5公斤,其它29.8公斤,合计502.3公斤/亩。其中,斑鮰占53％,成活率94.9％。为山东省的坑塘、涝洼地和水库网箱、湖泊、网围增添了新品种,也为淡水创汇渔业奠定了基础。     

月鳢个体发育早期4种同工酶的初步研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对月鳢早期(从未受精卵至卵黄吸尽期)8个发育阶段的LDH、MDH、ADH、EST同工酶进行研究。结果表明:月鳢的早期发育阶段ADH酶谱相对稳定,均有两条谱带;LDH、MDH和EST三种同工酶的酶谱在神经胚期前均无明显变化,此后随发育进程逐渐复杂。     

The Acute Toxicity of Plant Origin Pesticides into the Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus

Mortality to fish Channa punctatus caused by the latices of four species of terrestrial plants belonging to family Euphorbiaceae and Apocynaceae have been reported. It was found that extremely dilute aqueous solutions of the latex were effective in killing the fishes. The ranking of toxicity of four plants was Nerium indicum > Euphorbia royleana > Thevetia peruviana > Jatropha gossypifolia. It has been suggested that these plant products cannot be used directly in freshwater ecosystem unless their detailed toxicity has been studied on the beneficial freshwater animals.     

Acute and Chronic Toxic Effects of Cadmium on some Haematological,Biochemical, and Enzymological Parameters in the Fresh Water Teleost Fish Channa punctatus Akute und chronisch toxische Wirkungen von Cadmium auf einige hämatologische,biochemische und enzymologische Parameter im Süßwasserfisch Channa punctatus

The haematological, biochemical, and enzymological alterations produced on exposure of Channa punctatus to LC₅₀ (11.2 mg/L) for 96 h and to a sublethal concentration (1.12 mg/L) of cadmium (Cd²⁺) for 15, 30, 60, and 120 days have been studied. The fish were hypoglycemic and hypolactemic. The pyruvate content of blood and liver decreased in acute and all stages of chronic exposure except for 30 days where significant increase was recorded. Depletion was noted in the total protein and glycogen content of liver and muscle, and the level of lactate in liver in the two types of exposure. The levels of muscle lactate and pyruvate increased in both exposures. The activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase decreased in liver after 96 h and all stages of chronic exposure except 30 days. The activities of hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase in muscle and glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in serum, liver, and muscles increased in all exposures. The activities of succinate and malate dehydrogenases in liver and muscles decreased after acute and all stages of chronic exposure. The above results suggest that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were impaired in liver but glycolysis prevailed in muscle. Aerobic oxidation is adversely affected in metal exposed fish, while proteolysis was increased.     

盐度对乌鳢(Channa argus)生长和肌肉品质的影响

设置盐度为0(对照组)、5.0、7.5、10.0的4个水体,饲养平均体重为(402.4±44.6)g的乌鳢30天,测定乌鳢生长性能、肌肉成分、游离氨基酸和肌肉物理性能指标,研究盐度对乌鳢生长和肌肉品质的影响。结果表明,各组乌鳢的增重率分别为37.7%、33.9%、31.5%、6.3%,成活率分别为100%、100%、100%和63.6%,表现出随盐度增加而下降的趋势,但盐度0、5.0、7.5各组间无显著差异,在盐度为10.0的水体中,乌鳢成活率和增重率均显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数显著增加(P<0.05);随盐度增加,肌肉水分和肌肉失水率增加,而脂肪含量减少;肌肉蛋白含量和胶原蛋白含量在盐度0、5.0、7.5各组间无差异,但在盐度10组显著降低;与对照组相比,盐度7.5组的肌原纤维耐折力增加,肌纤维直径减小;随盐度升高,肌肉质构指标(硬度、弹性、黏性、咀嚼性、凝聚性)均有不同程度改善;在肌肉游离氨基酸方面,随盐度增加,肌肉游离呈味氨基酸和总游离氨基酸含量呈上升趋势,其中盐度10.0组较对照组分别增加88.2%、42.7%(P<0.05)。上述研究表明,适宜的盐度可改善乌鳢的肌肉品质,结合鱼体生长性能,适宜的盐度为7.5。     

台湾海峡斑鰶群体遗传学研究

基于线粒体控制区片段,对采自于台湾海峡的4个斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)群体进行群体遗传学研究.结果显示:4个斑鰶群体均呈现出高的单倍型多样度和低的核苷酸多样度;邻接关系树结构简单,且单倍型网络图呈星形结构,二者均未检测到与地理群体相对应的谱系结构;AMOVA和群体间遗传分化指数Fst的计算结果显示斑鰶的遗传变异主要来自于群体内,群体间遗传分化微弱,无显著群体遗传结构;核苷酸不配对分布和中性检验结果均暗示斑鰶经历了近期的群体扩张事件,推测扩张时间大约在5.29×104a前,属于更新世晚期.斑鰶幼体较长的浮游期和洋流的输送作用可能是造成该海域群体间具有较高遗传同质性的主要原因,进一步提示该海域的斑鰶可作为同一种质资源和保护单元进行评估、管理.     

渤海湾青鳞鱼和斑两种鱼卵及仔鱼的比较研究

应用1979年6月－1980年8月渤海湾环境调查中的青鳞鱼及斑卵和仔鱼资料，以几种数学方法对其早期发育阶段的形态及分布特征进行初步探讨。结果表明，两种鱼的各期卵径、卵黄径均差异显著；两种仔鱼体形相似，但在卵黄吸收殆尽前后体形均有较大的变化；它们的体高、头长、标准长、肛前长，眼径之间两两显著相关，仔鱼从Ⅰ期到Ⅱ变化的是一些大长度量，而肛前和肛后肌节数变化不大。两种鱼卵及仔鱼皆出现在整个海区，青鳞鱼产卵期为4－9月，盛期为5－7月；斑产于5－8月，盛期在5－6月。从鱼卵到仔鱼的发育过程中，青鳞负有离岸移动趋向，斑有向岸移动趋势。