基于贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络的DEM趋势面逼近

趋势面从宏观上揭示了研究对象的特性,在各领域发挥着重要作用。BP神经网络可以对复杂系统进行无限逼近,进而进行预测。建立了基于贝叶斯正则化BP神经网络的数字高程模型趋势面,与二次多项式建立的数字高程模型趋势面进行比较分析,证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

BP、Hopfield神经网络在位场反演中的应用比较

比较了BP、Hopfield二种神经网络模型的特性及其运行机制,分别用于位场反演,还比较了各自在位场反演中的应用效果。结果表明:这二种神经网络模型虽然都可用于位场反演,但由于Hopfield网络缺乏学习能力,不能较好地利用已知地质、地球物理信息而受到限制。而BP神经网络具有较强的学习能力,能从已知的信息中得到有利于解决最优化问题的结论,比Hopfield神经网络更加适合于位场的反演问题。     

基于机器学习的降雨量雷达回波数据建模与预测

以浙江省2016年1-10月的雷达回波强度数据为基础,分别应用随机森林模型、BP神经网络模型、卷积神经网络模型来预测降雨量并进行对比.建模分析结果表明,随机森林模型预测效果精确度较低,容易低估较大的降雨强度,而BP神经网络和卷积神经网络预测的效果都比随机森林好,特别是卷积神经网络,其预测值与真实值更加接近,且对较大的降雨强度拟合较好.     

Some applications of a backpropagation neural network in geo-engineering

A MATLAB based backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model has been developed. Two major geo-engineering applications, namely, earth slope movement and ground movement around tunnels, are identified. Data obtained from case studies are used to train and test the developed model and the ground movement is predicted with the help of input variables that have direct physical significance. A new approach is adopted by introducing an infiltration coefficient in the network architecture apart from antecedent rainfall, slope profile, groundwater level and strength parameters to predict the slope movement. The input variables for settlement around underground excavations are taken from literature. The neural network models demonstrate a promising result predicting fairly successfully the ground behavior in both cases. If input variables influencing output goals are clearly identified and if a decent number of quality data are available, backpropagation neural network can be successfully applied as mapping and prediction tools in geotechnical investigations.     

基于BP人工神经网络的遥感影像分类

重点讨论了遥感图像分类处理过程中应用效果显著的BP神经网络方法,并在Matlab软件平台下对基于BP神经网络的分类算法进行了研究,最后将它的分类结果与ERDAS软件平台下的监督分类结果进行分类精度评定比较分析。结果表明,基于BP神经网络的遥感图像分类总精度比ERDAS软件平台下的监督分类的总精度高,是一种有效的遥感影像分类方法。     

The strategy of building a flood forecast model by neuro‐fuzzy network

A methodology is proposed for constructing a flood forecast model using the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). This is based on a self‐organizing rule‐base generator, a feedforward network, and fuzzy control arithmetic. Given the rainfall‐runoff patterns, ANFIS could systematically and effectively construct flood forecast models. The precipitation and flow data sets of the Choshui River in central Taiwan are analysed to identify the useful input variables and then the forecasting model can be self‐constructed through ANFIS. The analysis results suggest that the persistent effect and upstream flow information are the key effects for modelling the flood forecast, and the watershed's average rainfall provides further information and enhances the accuracy of the model performance. For the purpose of comparison, the commonly used back‐propagation neural network (BPNN) is also examined. The forecast results demonstrate that ANFIS is superior to the BPNN, and ANFIS can effectively and reliably construct an accurate flood forecast model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Landslide susceptibility evaluation based on BPNN and GIS: a case of Guojiaba in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

A landslide susceptibility evaluation is vital for disaster management and development planning in the Yangtze River Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In this study, with the support of remote sensing and Geographic Information System, 4 factor groups comprising 10 separate subfactors of landslide-related data layers were selected to establish a susceptibility evaluation model based on the back-propagation neural network including slope, aspect, plan curvature, strata and lithology, distance to faults, land use/land cover, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, distance from roads, and effect of rivers. During model development, a three-layered interconnected neural network structure of 10 (input layer) × 20 (hidden layer) × 1 (output layer) was used for evaluating the landslide susceptibility in Guojiaba. At the same time, a back-propagation algorithm was applied to calculate the weights between the input layer and the hidden layer and between the hidden layer and the output layer. The results showed that the effect of slope has the highest weight value (0.2051), which is more than two times that of the other factors, followed by strata and lithology (0.1213) and then the effect of rivers (0.1201). At the end of the susceptibility evaluation, the area was divided into four zones such as very high, high, moderate and low susceptibility. For verification, the receiver operating characteristic curve for the back-propagation neural network-derived landslide susceptibility evaluation model was drawn, and the results showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.8790 and the prediction accuracy was 88%. Furthermore, the results obtained from this article were then verified by comparing with the existing landslide historical data and multiple field-verified results. Lastly, the landslide susceptibility map will help decision makers in risk management, site selection, site planning, and the design of control engineering.     

大气折射的映射函数与神经网络拟合比较分析

首先介绍映射函数和神经网络模拟方法在大气折射研究领域中的应用情况,总结映射函数的基本形式,分析BPNN的基本原理,进而研究了基本映射函数的BPNN变换。最终利用普尔科沃大气折射表这一数据平台与MATLAB7中的神经网络工具箱,建立与映射函数对应的BPNN模型,对普尔科沃大气折射表进行BPNN模拟。与相关文献的映射函数模拟进行比较分析:BPNN的模拟精度是4阶分式映射函数的2倍,不仅证明大气折射的映射函数模拟存在较大的拟合残差,而且表明BPNN对大气折射的非线性拟合优于映射函数,同时也为BPNN的隐层神经元具备挖掘高阶隐含信息提供了一个研究实例。     

Dam deformation analysis based on BPNN merging models

Hydropower has made a significant contribution to the economic development of Vietnam, thus it is important to monitor the safety of hydropower dams for the good of the country and the people. In this paper, dam horizontal displacement is analyzed and then forecasted using three methods: the multi-regression model, the seasonal integrated auto-regressive moving average (SARIMA) model and the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) merging models. The monitoring data of the Hoa Binh Dam in Vietnam, including horizontal displacement, time, reservoir water level, and air temperature, are used for the experiments. The results indicate that all of these three methods can approximately describe the trend of dam deformation despite their different forecast accuracies. Hence, their short-term forecasts can provide valuable references for the dam safety.     

基于高光谱的土壤养分含量反演模型研究

为实现土壤养分（有机质SOM、全氮TN、全磷TP、全硫TS）含量的快速测定,以建三江创业农场为例,对土壤原始反射率进行了一阶微分（FD）、倒数对数（RL）、倒数一阶微分（FDR）、多元散射校正（MSC）和连续统去除（CR）变换,分析6种光谱变量与土壤养分的相关性,将在α=0.01水平上显著相关的波段作为特征波段,运用多元逐步回归（SMLR）、偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）和BP神经网络（BPNN）三种分析方法分别建立有机质、全氮、全磷和全硫的高光谱预测模型,并利用决定系数（R²）、均方根误差（RMSE）和相对分析误差（RPD）对预测模型进行评价.结果显示,PLSR和BPNN建立的土壤养分含量预测模型均优于SMLR,能极好地预测有机质和全氮含量,同时具有粗略估算全硫含量的能力.三种方法中仅有CR-BPNN能对全磷含量进行粗略估算.对有机质、全氮、全磷和全硫预测效果最佳的模型及其验证集决定系数分别为：MSC-PLSR （0.86）、MSC-PLSR （0.75）、CR-BPNN （0.56）、FDR-BPNN （0.67）.