Transformation of Carbon and Nitrogen by Earthworms in the Decomposition Processes of Broad-leaved Litters

Earthworms are the important constituents in the decayed food web and the main ecological conditioners in the process of decomposition and nutrient mineralization. The transformation of organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) in the broad-leaved litters ingested by earthworms was researched by means of a laboratory experiment. Experimental samples were collected from broad-leaved Korea Pine mixed forest in Liangshui National Natural Reserve (47°10′50″N, 128°53′20″E) in the northeastern Xiao Hinggan Mountains of Northeast China. The contents of organic C and total N in earthworms, leaf litters and earthworm faeces were analyzed. Results show that the organic C content was in the fol- lowing order: leaf litters>faeces>earthworms, while total N content was contrary to that of the organic C. The organic C contents in the different leaf litters were in the following order: Tilia amurensis>Betula costata>Acer mono, whereas the total N contents in the different leaf litters were: Betula costata>Tilia amurensis>Acer mono. The contents of organic C and total N in the faeces from the different leaf litters were almost consistent with the contents of the leaf litters. After the leaf litters were ingested by earthworms, the organic C, which was transformed to increase earthworms' weights, ac- counted for 3.90%-13.31% of the total ingestion by earthworms, while that in the earthworm faeces accounted for 6.14%-13.70%. The transformed organic C through the other metabolism (e.g., respiration) of earthworms accounted for 75.04%-89.92%. The ingested organic C by earthworms was mostly used for metabolic activities. The N ingested by earthworms was less than organic C. It is estimated that 37.08% of total N was transformed to increase the earthworm's weight, 19.97% into earthworm faeces and 47.86% for the consumption of the earthworm's activities. The earthworms not only increased the content of organic C and total N in the soil, but also decreased the values of C/N in the soil and leaf litters. Earthworms play a major role in the leaf litters' decomposition and transformation.     

利用气象卫星资料计算过火面积

本文探讨了利用ＮＯＡＡ极轨气象卫星资料监测森林草原火情时，过火区域的判读方法，同时介绍了如何计算过火面积，并且给出了对常绿林和落叶林、草场过火区域的分离手段。     

波希米亚高地

波希米亚高地位于今捷克斯洛伐克的波希米亚地区．森林．面积大约158．000平方公里．海拔1．602米。西南部是波希米亚森林．由奥赫热河上游河谷至奥地利境内的多瑙河河谷．则呈西北-东南分布．海拔3．500英尺．主要为针叶林和落叶林。     

基于MODIS的陆地植被光合过程参数反演研究

遥感在陆地植被生产力研究中的应用,推动了遥感驱动的陆地生态系统模拟和NPP估算尺度的扩展。NPP遥感模型中,冠层吸收光合有效辐射和辐射利用率是描述植物光合过程的两个关键参数,本文根据太阳辐射在地一气系统中的传输过程和植物光合作用机理,建立基于MODIS数据的参数反演模型,重点研究地表光合有效辐射吸收总量(APARSFC)、冠层光合有效辐射吸收比(RPAR)、辐射利用率(RUE)等的定量提取,并选择东北温带落叶林为研究对象,利用2003年6月MODIS数据,探讨各自在NPP研究中的应用。研究表明：6月东北温带落叶林地表PAR净通量月均值为8．1MJm^-2day^-1;RPAR大于0．5,部分地区达到饱和;辐射利用率在0.45-1．09gC MJ^-1之间,落叶阔叶林和落叶针叶林均值分别为0．71和0．69gC MJ^-1;净光合产物月累积均值达0．53MgChm^-2,其中,落叶针叶林为0．56MgChm^-2,落叶阔叶林达0．51MgChm^-2,表现出明显的地带性规律,与过程机理模型模拟结果进行比较分析,二者差异很小,体现出良好的一致性。