一类龙虾树优美

本文使用交错的与非交错的标号法,证明了一类龙虾树优美。     

一类龙虾树优美

本文使用交错的与非交错的标号法，证明了一类龙虾树优美。     

Focal Fault of the 1999 Datong Ms5.6 Earthquake in Shanxi Province

Several earthquakes with Ms≥5.0 occurred in the Datong seismic region in 1989,1991 and 1999,The precise focus location of the earthquake sequence was made by the records of the remote sensing seismic station network in Datong.Using that data together with macro-intensity distribution and focal mechanism solutions,we analyze the difference among three subsequences.The results show that the focal fault of the 1999 Ms 5.6 earthquake was a NWW-trending left-lateral strike-slip fault.It is 16km long and 12km wide.It developed at the depth of 5km and is nearly vertical in dip.The two previous earthquake subsequences,however,were generated by activity along NNE-trending right-lateral strike-slip fault.It can be found that the rupture directioin of the 1999 earthquake has changed.It is generally found that a rupture zone has more than two directions and has different strength along these two directions.The complicate degree of focal circumstance is related to the type of earthquake sequences.There is the NE-trending Dawangcun fault and the NW-trending Tuanbu fault in the seismic region,but no proof indicates a connection between focal faults and these two tectonic faults.The feature that focal faults of three subsequences are strike-slip is different from that of the two tectonic faults.It is suggested that the 1999 earthquake subsequence was possibly generated by a new rupture.     

Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性介质井孔声场有限差分数值模拟与波形特征

岩石介质具有黏滞性,黏弹性介质模型相对于弹性介质模型更为接近岩石介质的真实情况。根据Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性单元体模型本构关系,推导了柱坐标系下各向同性黏弹性介质时间域交错网格有限差分方程,进行了黏弹性介质井孔声场的数值模拟。模拟结果表明：品质因子和声源中心频率对黏弹性介质中的井内外声场均有影响：井外声场和井内声场的衰减均随品质因子的增大而减小,井外声波和井内反射波振幅随之增大;井外声场的衰减随声源中心频率的增大而减小,井外声波振幅随之增大,井内声场的衰减随声源中心频率的增大而增大,井内反射波振幅随之减小。     

Mapping the farming-pastoral ecotones in China

Conventional farming-pastoral ecotones methods of delineating were not quantitative and could not fully show their spatial distribution. The present paper attempts to develop quantitative methods for mapping farming-pastoral ecotones in China. Nine indicators, related to temperature, precipitation and altitude aspects, were selected to quantify ecological susceptibility of vegetation （crops and forage）. Methods of analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and expert score ranking combined with fuzzy set theory were applied to assign the weight for each indicator and to define the membership functions. The geographic information system （GIS） was used to manage the spatial database and conduct the spatial analysis. According to the spatial calculation of evaluation model integrated with GIS, the ecological susceptibility of vegetation （crops and forage） was mapped. Three different zones, pastoral area, farming-pastoral ecotones and farming area, were classified by spatial cluster analysis and the maximum likelihood classification for the numeric map of vegetation ecological susceptibility by GIS. This map was validated by the economic statistical result based on the ratio of the output value from animal husbandry in total output value of agriculture by the National Bureau of Statistics in China, indicating that the mapping of the farming-pastoral ecotones may be accepted.     

50个省，未来的另一种可能

现行的省级区划承继自元朝的行省制度。元朝建立后,改“山川形变”为“犬牙交错”,打破过去以山川河流为分界的自然地理区划,采用省际边界交错分配的办法。从历史上看,传统省级建制（省制）意在“镇抚”而非“牧民”。它从空间上进一步强化了中央对地方的控制,一定程度上防止了某些省份凭借山川天险成为“行塞之国”,发展地方割据实力。但是,人为对自然经济区完整性的破坏也牵制了地方经济的发展。随着现代社会商品交流日益频繁,地域分工协作加强,犬牙交错的省级边界对经济的影响越来越严重。     

典型农牧交错区LUCC及农牧交替演化过程分析——以内蒙古赤峰市为例

以内蒙古赤峰市为例,利用TM影像解译得到的三期土地利用数据(1988、1995、2000年)研究20世纪80年代以来,典型农牧交错区的LUCC演化过程,主要采用土地利用开发度、耗减度、信息熵、空间转移矩阵等方法分析了不同阶段农牧交替演化的时空特征。结果表明:(1)草地、耕地、林地为研究区主要的土地利用方式,整个研究时段内,耕地开垦和草地减少是主导LUCC过程。耕地开垦面积达2424.12km²,草地减少1959.65km²。从前后两个时期来看,前期(1988-1995年)耕地和草地变化更为剧烈,耕地以增为主,草地以减为主;后期(1995-2000年)草地转出速度放缓,但耕地开垦速度仍相对较快,林地转出速度加快;(2)土地流转过程以农牧交替演化为主,前期草地与耕地的交替转化剧烈,草地开垦面积达到2 040.50km²,耕地撂荒还草634.75km²,耕地开垦主要集中在敖汉旗的北部;后期LUCC过程放缓,草地转耕地面积为828.50km²,主要发生在敖汉旗以及林西县北部地区等区域,伴随着一定程度的弃耕;(3)三个时期土地利用结构信息熵分别为1.290、1.301、1.304,赤峰市土地利用系统有序程度在降低。农牧交错演化过程的分析,为研究该地区人类-环境耦合系统的变化和机制提供了重要依据。     

交错网格波场数值模拟频散分析与校正策略

交错网格高阶差分解法是地震波场模拟的一种有效方法,这种方法的不足是时间和空间网格的离散,以差分代替微分模拟地震波场会引起数值频散.通量传输校正(FCT)方法能够有效地压制数值频散,将FCT方法与交错网格有限差分法相结合,可以提高波场模拟的精度和运算效率.     

基于CUDA的高阶旋转交错网格有限差分法的弹性波正演模拟

应用高阶旋转交错网格的有限差分法,求解了基于一阶的速度-应力弹性波方程,推导了时间二阶精度空间2M阶精度的高阶有限差分离散格式.为了提高弹性波正演模拟效率,论文探讨了常规的CPU串行计算、基于GPU平台的节点并行计算、基于GPU平台的分量、节点同时并行的3种正演模拟计算模式,给出了不同算法的流程示意图.通过对比3种算法的耗时及后两种算法的加速比,可清晰判定,基于GPU平台的节点并行算法较CPU平台的串行算法有明显加速,最大加速比可达到60倍,而基于分量、节点同时并行算法的最大加速比最大可到180左右,加速效果更为明显.最后应用Marmousi模型的15000次时间步迭代的正演计算,基于分量、节点GPU并行算法大约是节点并行计算耗时的1/3,说明了该并行设计能有效提高弹性波正演模拟的效率,节约计算耗时.