Effect of Macrophysical Parameters of Clouds on Broadband Solar Radiation (295-2800 nm) at a Subtropical Location

The present study describes the effect of clouds(macro-physical parameters) on global solar radiation(G).Data from four years of hourly measurements of G on a horizontal surface were used.These data were collected at the South Valley University(SVU) meteorological research station(26.2°N,32.7°E,96 m above mean see level.In addition,the cloud modification factor for G(CMFG) was estimated in three cases:high-level,mid-level,and low-level clouds.For every level,the variation of hourly CMFG as a function of cloud amount(CA) was illustrated.A third-order polynomial between hourly values of CMFG and CA was established.Furthermore,the effect of CA in the attenuation of G relative to its corresponding value in cloudless conditions is discussed.For cloud cover > 88%,G was reduced by 54%,34%,and 28% by low-,mid-,and high-level clouds,respectively.     

UV-B辐射增强对孔石莼生长和孢子萌发的影响

测定了不同辐射强度的中波紫外线(UV-B)对潮间带海藻—孔石莼相对生长率、光合生理活性以及孢子萌发情况的影响。研究表明:UV-B抑制孔石莼的生长,随着辐射强度增加,抑制作用加强,同时UV-B也会抑制孢子萌发,4 kJ/m~2的辐射强度即可达到明显的抑制作用。此外,UV-B辐射使孔石莼叶绿素荧光参数(F_v/F_m、Y_Ⅰ、Y_Ⅱ)值降低,随着处理时间延长,孔石莼光合生理活性显著降低。相对于光系统Ⅰ,光系统Ⅱ对于UV-B造成的环境胁迫更为敏感。本研究为UV-B可能影响其他潮间带生物或生态系统的研究提供了理论基础。     

Effect of The Atmosphere on UVB Radiation Reaching The Earth’s Surface:Dependence on Solar Zenith Angle

The atmosphere protects humans,plants,animals,and microorganisms from damaging doses of ultraviolet-B(UVB) solar radiation(280-320 nm) because it modifies the UVB reaching the Earth’s surface.This modification is a function of the solar radiation’s path length through the atmosphere and the amount of each attenuator along the path length.The path length is determined by solar zenith angle(SZA).The present work explains the dependence of hemispherical transmittance of UVB on SZA.The database used consists of five years of hourly UVB and global solar radiation measurements.From 2001 to 2005,the South Valley University(SVU) meteorological research station(26.20°N,32.75°E) carried out these measurements on a horizontal surface.In addition,the corresponding extraterrestrial UVB(UVBext) and broadband solar radiation(Gext) were estimated.Consequently,the hemispherical transmittance of UVB(KtUVB) and the hemispherical transmittance of global solar radiation(Kt) were estimated.Furthermore,the UVB redaction due to the atmosphere was evaluated.An analysis of the dependence between KtUVB and SZA at different ranges of Kt was performed.A functional dependence between KtUVB and SZA(KtUVB=-a(SZA)+b) for very narrow Kt-ranges(width of ranges was 0.01) was developed.The results are discussed,and the sensitivity of △KtUVB to △SZA for very narrow Kt-ranges was studied.It was found that the sensitivity of △KtUVB to △SZA slightly increases with increased Kt,which means KtUVB is sensitive to SZA as Kt increases.The maximum correlation(R) between KtUVB and SZA was equal to-0.83 for Kt= 0.76.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地太阳紫外UV-B辐射的观测与分析

利用塔中站（39°01′N,83°40′E)直接探测的紫外辐射资料,对塔克拉玛干沙漠近地层紫外辐射特征进行了系统的分析。结果表明,紫外UV-B辐射年总量为8.59 MJ·m-2·a-1。夏季紫外线辐射强度较大,7月达到最大为1.24M J·m-2,占紫外UV-B辐射年总量的14.44% ;冬季紫外线辐射强度较小,约为7月的1/5,1月出现最低值为0.257 M J· m-2;紫外UV-B瞬时辐射强度全年峰值为2.51 W·m-2,出现在6月。1、4、7、10月紫外UV-B辐射的日总量变化对天气现象有不同程度的反映,天气现象较少的1月逐日紫外辐射上下变动的离散度较小,7月最大。紫外UV-B辐射随云量增多而降低;沙尘使紫外UV-B辐射的降低较为显著,沙尘暴时,其值为各类风沙天气中最低。