全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8258篇 |
免费 | 1901篇 |
国内免费 | 2697篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 611篇 |
大气科学 | 2536篇 |
地球物理 | 2192篇 |
地质学 | 4010篇 |
海洋学 | 1413篇 |
天文学 | 682篇 |
综合类 | 503篇 |
自然地理 | 909篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 35篇 |
2023年 | 98篇 |
2022年 | 276篇 |
2021年 | 296篇 |
2020年 | 356篇 |
2019年 | 446篇 |
2018年 | 389篇 |
2017年 | 379篇 |
2016年 | 391篇 |
2015年 | 452篇 |
2014年 | 614篇 |
2013年 | 680篇 |
2012年 | 613篇 |
2011年 | 633篇 |
2010年 | 486篇 |
2009年 | 686篇 |
2008年 | 647篇 |
2007年 | 758篇 |
2006年 | 673篇 |
2005年 | 529篇 |
2004年 | 515篇 |
2003年 | 443篇 |
2002年 | 377篇 |
2001年 | 292篇 |
2000年 | 286篇 |
1999年 | 264篇 |
1998年 | 244篇 |
1997年 | 202篇 |
1996年 | 174篇 |
1995年 | 131篇 |
1994年 | 129篇 |
1993年 | 71篇 |
1992年 | 60篇 |
1991年 | 52篇 |
1990年 | 31篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Water quality is often highly variable both in space and time, which poses challenges for modelling the more extreme concentrations. This study developed an alternative approach to predicting water quality quantiles at individual locations. We focused on river water quality data that were collected over 25 years, at 102 catchments across the State of Victoria, Australia. We analysed and modelled spatial patterns of the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of the concentrations of sediments, nutrients and salt, with six common constituents: total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate-nitrite (NOx), and electrical conductivity (EC). To predict the spatial variation of each quantile for each constituent, we developed statistical regression models and exhaustively searched through 50 catchment characteristics to identify the best set of predictors for that quantile. The models predict the spatial variation in individual quantiles of TSS, TKN and EC well (66%–96% spatial variation explained), while those for TP, FRP and NOx have lower performance (37%–73% spatial variation explained). The most common factors that influence the spatial variations of the different constituents and quantiles are: annual temperature, percentage of cropping land area in catchment and channel slope. The statistical models developed can be used to predict how low- and high-concentration quantiles change with landscape characteristics, and thus provide a useful tool for catchment managers to inform planning and policy making with changing climate and land use conditions. 相似文献
2.
A constitutive model that captures the material behavior under a wide range of loading conditions is essential for simulating complex boundary value problems. In recent years, some attempts have been made to develop constitutive models for finite element analysis using self‐learning simulation (SelfSim). Self‐learning simulation is an inverse analysis technique that extracts material behavior from some boundary measurements (eg, load and displacement). In the heart of the self‐learning framework is a neural network which is used to train and develop a constitutive model that represents the material behavior. It is generally known that neural networks suffer from a number of drawbacks. This paper utilizes evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) in the framework of SelfSim within an automation process which is coded in Matlab environment. EPR is a hybrid data mining technique that uses a combination of a genetic algorithm and the least square method to search for mathematical equations to represent the behavior of a system. Two strategies of material modeling have been considered in the SelfSim‐based finite element analysis. These include a total stress‐strain strategy applied to analysis of a truss structure using synthetic measurement data and an incremental stress‐strain strategy applied to simulation of triaxial tests using experimental data. The results show that effective and accurate constitutive models can be developed from the proposed EPR‐based self‐learning finite element method. The EPR‐based self‐learning FEM can provide accurate predictions to engineering problems. The main advantages of using EPR over neural network are highlighted. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
A. Habib J. Vernin Z. Benkhaldoun H. Lanteri 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,368(3):1456-1462
In this paper, we present a new method to estimate, for each turbulent layer labelled i , the horizontal wind speed v ( h i ) , the standard deviation of the horizontal wind speed fluctuations σ v ( hi ) and the integrated value of C 2 n over the thickness Δ hi of the turbulent layer C 2 n ( hi )Δ hi , where hi is the altitude of the turbulent layer. These parameters are extracted from single star scintillation spatiotemporal cross-correlation functions of atmospheric speckles obtained within the generalized mode. This method is based on the simulated annealing algorithm to find the optimal solution required to solve the problem. Astrophysics parameters for adaptive optics are also calculated using C 2 n ( hi ) and v ( hi ) values. The results of other techniques support this new method. 相似文献
6.
J. M. Diego J. Mohr J. Silk G. Bryan 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,341(2):599-608
We develop a new method to estimate the redshift of galaxy clusters through resolved images of the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (SZE). Our method is based on morphological observables which can be measured by actual and future SZE experiments. We test the method with a set of high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters at different redshifts. Our method combines the observables in a principal component analysis. After calibrating the method with an independent redshift estimation for some of the clusters, we show – using a Bayesian approach – how the method can give an estimate of the redshift of the galaxy clusters. Although the error bars given by the morphological redshift estimation are large, it should be useful for future SZE surveys where thousands of clusters are expected to be detected; a first preselection of the high-redshift candidates could be done using our proposed morphological redshift estimator. Although not considered in this work, our method should also be useful to give an estimate of the redshift of clusters in X-ray and optical surveys. 相似文献
7.
O. Tamuz T. Mazeh S. Zucker † 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,356(4):1466-1470
We suggest a new algorithm to remove systematic effects in a large set of light curves obtained by a photometric survey. The algorithm can remove systematic effects, such as those associated with atmospheric extinction, detector efficiency, or point spread function changes over the detector. The algorithm works without any prior knowledge of the effects, as long as they linearly appear in many stars of the sample. The approach, which was originally developed to remove atmospheric extinction effects, is based on a lower rank approximation of matrices, an approach which has already been suggested and used in chemometrics, for example. The proposed algorithm is especially useful in cases where the uncertainties of the measurements are unequal. For equal uncertainties, the algorithm reduces to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm. We present a simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and we point out its potential, in the search for transit candidates in particular. 相似文献
8.
Yunfei Bao Shengbo Chen 《东北亚地学研究》2006,9(1):100-108
IntroductionThe radiance leaving the earth-atmosphere sys-tem which can be sensed by a satellite borne ra-diometer is the sum of radiation emission fromtheearth surface and each atmospheric level that aretransmittedtothe top of the atmosphere.The radia-tion emissionfromthe earthsurface andthe radianceof each atmospheric level can be separated fromtheradiance at the top the atmospheric level a satellitemeasured.Thus,the earth surface parameters willbe retrieved from the surface radiance after a… 相似文献
9.
10.