土地变更调查中移动电子地图的建立

本文介绍了基于GPS-PDA的移动电子地图在土地变更调查中的应用与研究。主要讲述了在Windows CE嵌入式操作系统下的电子地图的数据建模，地图功能的实现和相关算法。最后结合实例验证了该软件的合理性和可操作性。     

论桩基施工中流砂现象处理

地下水流动对土体产生渗透力；当渗透力大于土体的抗剪强度，土体破坏，也就是当施工造成地下水水力坡度超过砂层的临界水力坡度即产生流砂现象．运用水文地质工程地质学方面的原理其处理方法有两类：—是莫尔一库仑法：即c法和φ法；二是临界水力坡度法(Ic法)．     

电子地图中线状要素移动注记关键问题研究

探讨了电子地图移动注记的几个关键问题 ,提出了将分段注记和移动注记相结合的思想 ,并在此基础上提出了采用回溯法解决注记之间的冲突 ,从而较好地解决了图幅移动之后某些屏幕内线状要素注记不可见或表达模糊的问题 ,实现了注记输出的完整性和美观性的统一 ,提高了图形输出的效率 ,节省了存储空间 ,在实际应用中取得了较好的效果 ,充分体现了电子地图在线状要素注记显示这一环节的优越性     

GPS水准移动曲面法功能新探

在简要分析了GPS水准拟合几种主要方法优缺点的基础上,重点探讨了移动曲面法和顾及似大地水准面模型的改进移动曲面法的特殊优点,指出了GPS水准拟合今后有待进一步研究的内容。     

淄川-博山地区伊利石化高岭石粘土岩地质特征及其应用

论述了淄川-博山一带的伊利石化高岭石粘土岩的区域地质概况及成矿地质条件,按自然分布结合地质情况,划分为3个成矿带,叙述了各成矿带分布及含矿层特征。以南坡矿区为例,详细论述了矿层赋存特征,矿体的规模、厚度及其质量,研究了矿石类型、化学成分及主要物理性能指标,类比研究了加工技术性能,经简单水选即可达到较为理想的选矿指标,具有高效、低成本优势;结合有关研究,认为该类粘土岩是在较高温度条件下由高岭石粘土岩加钾水化转变而成。山东省该类矿床总体勘查程度低,具有较好的找矿潜力,但优质粘土资源找矿难度大。     

与T63数值预报产品相结合的江苏西南大风的预报方法

国家气象中心发送的T63数值预告产品在本台于95年6月份投入业务运行,为尽好、尽快地最大限度地将T63数值产品投入业务使用,以发挥其作用,从而具体体现T63的价值所在、在这方面,我们作了一些探讨与尝试。我们把《江苏大面积西南大风预报工具》与T63数值预告产品进行结合与释用,取得了良好的效果。     

华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地优化初探

首先分析了华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地布测现状及监测效能,继而依据跨断层流动形变测量规范及监测的可控性、均匀性、目的性以及监测场地监测效能等,结合该区域断裂活动及地震活动性研究结果,给出华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地拟优化布设结果。该优化布设结果消除了华北地区跨断层流动形变网监测地震活动盲区,有助于提高该区跨断层流动形变网监测地震活动能力。     

Exploring the sensitivity of coastal inundation modelling to DEM vertical error

As sea level is projected to rise throughout the twenty-first century due to climate change, there is a need to ensure that sea level rise (SLR) models accurately and defensibly represent future flood inundation levels to allow for effective coastal zone management. Digital elevation models (DEMs) are integral to SLR modelling, but are subject to error, including in their vertical resolution. Error in DEMs leads to uncertainty in the output of SLR inundation models, which if not considered, may result in poor coastal management decisions. However, DEM error is not usually described in detail by DEM suppliers; commonly only the RMSE is reported. This research explores the impact of stated vertical error in delineating zones of inundation in two locations along the Devon, United Kingdom, coastline (Exe and Otter Estuaries). We explore the consequences of needing to make assumptions about the distribution of error in the absence of detailed error data using a 1 m, publically available composite DEM with a maximum RMSE of 0.15 m, typical of recent LiDAR-derived DEMs. We compare uncertainty using two methods (i) the NOAA inundation uncertainty mapping method which assumes a normal distribution of error and (ii) a hydrologically correct bathtub method where the DEM is uniformly perturbed between the upper and lower bounds of a 95% linear error in 500 Monte Carlo Simulations (HBM+MCS). The NOAA method produced a broader zone of uncertainty (an increase of 134.9% on the HBM+MCS method), which is particularly evident in the flatter topography of the upper estuaries. The HBM+MCS method generates a narrower band of uncertainty for these flatter areas, but very similar extents where shorelines are steeper. The differences in inundation extents produced by the methods relate to a number of underpinning assumptions, and particularly, how the stated RMSE is interpreted and used to represent error in a practical sense. Unlike the NOAA method, the HBM+MCS model is computationally intensive, depending on the areas under consideration and the number of iterations. We therefore used the HBM+ MCS method to derive a regression relationship between elevation and inundation probability for the Exe Estuary. We then apply this to the adjacent Otter Estuary and show that it can defensibly reproduce zones of inundation uncertainty, avoiding the computationally intensive step of the HBM+MCS. The equation-derived zone of uncertainty was 112.1% larger than the HBM+MCS method, compared to the NOAA method which produced an uncertain area 423.9% larger. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages and requires value judgements to be made. Their use underscores the need for transparency in assumptions and communications of outputs. We urge DEM publishers to move beyond provision of a generalised RMSE and provide more detailed estimates of spatial error and complete metadata, including locations of ground control points and associated land cover.     

青海都兰盐沼区地震采集关键技术研究

都兰盐沼区地表覆盖大量盐池、盐湖,近地表结晶互层多而厚,呈现速度反转现象,致使地震资料品质不高。笔者通过对都兰地区近地表介质地震响应特征的深入分析,重点对结晶互层和串珠孔穴进行模拟分析,应用实际地震资料验证了近地表结晶互层的吸收衰减规律。对该区近地表分层、井深设计以及观测系统变观优化技术进行了深入的探讨,取得了相应的采集技术系列,并在实际采集应用中取得了很好的效果,成功地解决了都兰盐沼区地震采集难题。     

人影高炮作业数据采集器的移动电源设计

高炮作业是人工影响天气的日常工作,其作业数据的采集与收集尤为重要。高炮作业数据采集器是实现作业数据的采集与存储,一般采用锂电池供电。针对锂电池容量低而无法满足采集器的长时间使用,常在高炮作业的关键时刻电量不足影响高炮作业顺利进行的问题,设计了一种人影高炮作业数据采集器的专用移动电源。该专用移动电源由充放电保护电路、电芯、电芯容量指示电路、DC-DC升压电路、及CN3703充电管理电路等部分组成。经过最终测试,该设计符合实际使用要求、成本低、性能稳定,具有较强的工程应用价值。