基于Mallat算法遥感图像去云雾处理的改进方法

遥感图像云雾处于相对低频、景物处于相对高频。根据小波变换多分辨率的特点,分析云雾和景物在小波系数中的分布,得出景物信息包含于低层细节系数,而云雾信息包含于高层细节系数和近似系数。本文通过增大图像的低层细节系数,减小高层细节系数,并适当减小近似系数,达到去除云雾的目的。最后评价了图像处理结果,并与同态滤波做比较,表明本文方法是有效的。     

A new analysis of the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) observations of Titan at 2 μm

We have performed an analysis of ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) observations of Titan at 2 μm. The data were acquired with the Nasmyth Adaptative Optics System Near-Infrared Imager and Spectrograph (NAOS/CONICA), on the 16th of January 2005, that is 2 days after the landing of the Huygens probe (Hirtzig et al., 2007). The data consist in 21 spectra taken along two diameters of Titan’s disk at wavelengths between 2.03 and 2.5 μm. This range covers a part of the 2 μm methane window and the adjacent band. The data received a preliminary analysis in a recent paper (Negrão et al., 2007), essentially focused on the surface albedo near Huygens landing site. In this work, we perform an in-depth analysis to retrieve information about several aspects: the latitude haze distribution in the stratosphere and in the low atmosphere, the latitudinal variation of the surface albedo and its spectral behaviour. Also, this analysis allowed us to make sensitivity tests on the influence of the scatterer profiles on the retrieved surface albedo and its spectral slope. The news analysis confirms that, as was the case with VIMS observations at the same epoch, the Northern (currently winter) Hemisphere contains more haze than the southern one (Summer Hemisphere). The sensitivity tests show that the scatterer profiles have just a little impact on the surface albedo and its spectral slope. The analysis seems to confirm the presence of H₂O and CH₄ ices.     

晶安高科“三废”治理及综合利用

介绍了晶安高科污染源的来源、采取的措施及综合治理、利用方法.使废水指标由PH11～12;SS<1000mg/l;CODcr≤200mg/l;氨氮≤200mg/l降到PH6～9;SS<70mg/l;CODcr≤100mg/l;氨氮≤15mg/l;酸雾指标由HCl500～800mg/m3达到小于25～40mg/m3;炉窑烟气由林格曼黑度5,烟尘浓度2700～5191mg/Nm3降到林格曼黑度1,烟尘浓度小于200mg/Nm3;硅渣可生产复合絮凝剂和白炭黑,不仅可改善环境影响,而且可回收盐酸和利用废资源,可给企业带来经济效益.     

渤海与东海云雾屏障及其对遥感海洋信息有效性的研究

本文阐述了渤海与东海云雾屏障作用,使海区能见度降低,即使是中小尺度的海洋信息,历经多年的NOAA卫星监测,均已表明了无论空间分辨率或时间分辨率,能够较完整的获取这一遥感“天窗”信息则概率很低.笔者,结合渤海与东海的云雾和区域海洋特征,NOAA卫星信息的多波段、多时相特点,建立了信息需求分析模型,并示出渤海和东海海洋遥感“天窗”信息的概率排队.     

LONG-TERM VARIATIONS OF FOG AND MIST IN MAINLAND CHINA DURING 1951-2005

Fog is an important indicator of weather. Long-term variations of fog and mist were studied by analyzing the meteorological data from 743 surface weather stations in mainland China during 1951-2005. In climatology, there are more foggy days in the southeast than in the northwest China and more in the winter half of the year than in the summer half. The decadal change of foggy days shows regional variation. Southwest China is the region with the most foggy days, and more than 20 foggy days occur in Sichuan Basin in one year. Persistent heavy fog usually appears in winter and spring over the North China Plain and Northeast China Plain. Misty days are much more frequent in the provinces south of the Yangtze River than in the regions north of it, and there is an obvious increase of misty days after the 1980s. Southwest China is the area with the most number of misty days, and more than 100 misty days occur in Sichuan Basin in a year.     

近50 a鄂西山区雾和轻雾发生频次的非对称变化特征

以湖北西部山区宣恩站为例,利用1959-2009年的地面气象观测资料,对鄂西山区雾和轻雾的气候特征进行分析.结果表明,宣恩年雾日数平均为29 d,总体上呈减少趋势.该地区雾在每个月都有发生,冬季发生频率最高,夏季发生频率最低;该地区年轻雾日数总体上与年雾日数变化趋势相反,呈上升趋势,各月月平均轻雾日数在9~15 d之间,12月平均轻雾日最多,5月平均轻雾日最少.通过分析宣恩51 a来各气象要素的特征发现,夜晚最低气温呈上升趋势,相对湿度和降水变化不明显,14时能见度≥20 km的年日数呈下降趋势.分析认为,雾和轻雾发生频次的非对称变化趋势可能与大气中气溶胶粒子增多有关.     

中国大陆1951—2005年雾与轻雾的长期变化

雾的记录有明确的天气指示意义。通过分析1951—2005年中国大陆743个地面气象站的资料, 对中国大陆雾、轻雾的长期变化趋势有如下认识：我国大陆雾日地理分布基本气候特征呈现东南部多西北部少的特点, 冬半年雾日数多夏半年少。各年代的差异在不同地区不尽一致。西南地区是我国雾日最多的地区，四川盆地一年有雾日20余天；华北平原和东北平原在冬春季节会出现严重的持续性雾天气。长江以南各省的轻雾日数明显多于长江以北地区，而且1980年代以后轻雾日有明显增加；西南地区是我国轻雾日最多的地区，四川盆地一年有轻雾日100余天。     

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Mist Lift Cycle

A rectangular mist lift tube of 20 m effective height was constructed to investigate the mist generation and up flow processes with various temperatures, pressures and mass flow rates of the incoming hot water through two different mist generation plates. Parameters such as temperature, pressure and dryness of the two phase mixture at six different heights of the lift tube as well as the lift mass flow ratio were measured and analysed. A theoretical analysis was made based on simplified one dimensional model of two-velocity-two-phase flow. The calculated results were discussed regarding temperature, pressure and dryness variations along the lift tube height and compared with the experimental results.     

环境压力对细水雾喷雾特性影响的实验研究

雾滴的粒径分布、喷雾强度、雾滴动量及雾场的分布形式等喷雾特性,直接影响细水雾的灭火性能。本文通过研究压力漩流雾化实心锥及空心锥喷嘴在不同环境压力下的喷雾特性,揭示了环境压力对细水雾喷嘴流量系数及其雾场分布的影响规律。实验结果表明：环境压力越小,雾滴越向雾场锥面集中,雾场边缘区域的喷雾强度越大,而中心区域喷雾强度随之减小;环境压力对细水雾喷嘴流量系数则无明显影响。     

细基江篱喷霧裁培试验

本文探讨了用噴雾栽培细基江篱的新方法。试验表明:此法能有效地避开自然海区对细江篱的生物敌害,促进藻体生长,比自然海区可增产,而且藻体清洁干净,收获方便。