Effect of dispersion on impulsive waves

The generation and propagation of surface waves resulting from suddenly created disturbances over water surfaces is investigated. The initial boundary conditions defining the disturbance are given either by a velocity of the free surface, an initial elevation of the free surface or a pressure impulsively applied on the free surface. It is shown that the corresponding three forms of solutions are related by a simple time derivative. Linear solutions are obtained in the cases where the wave motion is assumed to be nondispersive, mildly dispersive and fully dispersive, as well as in the case where the motion is given by the method of stationary phase. Criteria are established to indicate the limit of validity of each method.     

往复流中双向导向叶冲动透平模型性能试验研究

研制了 30 0双向自调导叶透平试验机组 ,安装在 10 0 0活塞式往复流透平试验台上 ,对两种叶轮方案和 6种不同喷咀、扩压器进行了不同活塞行程、不同周期和不同恒定输出电压下性能试验。试验结果表明在喷咀出口角α1=2 1 5°、扩压器入口角α2 =6 5 5°和α1=2 4°、α2 =6 3°组合最佳 ,最高效率达 5 3 3% ,而且在宽广流量系数范围内 ,特别是大流量系数范围内都有较高效率。大大优于常用对称翼透平。将上下游导叶固定 ,变成双向固定导叶透平。用No 1叶轮和 6种导叶出口角组合进行试验。表明最佳导叶出口角为 2 4°～ 30°,最高效率仍达 38 5 % ,比对称翼透平仍高许多     

Design,simulation, and large‐scale testing of an innovative vibration mitigation device employing essentially nonlinear elastomeric springs

This study proposes an innovative passive vibration mitigation device employing essentially nonlinear elastomeric springs as its most critical component. Essential nonlinearity denotes the absence (or near absence) of a linear component in the stiffness characteristics of these elastomeric springs. These devices were implemented and tested on a large‐scale nine‐story model building structure. The main focus of these devices is to mitigate structural response under impulse‐like and seismic loading when the structure remains elastic. During the design process of the device, numerical simulations, optimizations, and parametric studies of the structure‐device system were performed to obtain stiffness parameters for the devices so that they can maximize the apparent damping of the fundamental mode of the structure. Pyramidal elastomeric springs were employed to physically realize the optimized essentially nonlinear spring components. Component‐level finite element analyses and experiments were conducted to design the nonlinear springs. Finally, shake table tests using impulse‐like and seismic excitation with different loading levels were performed to experimentally evaluate the performance of the device. Experimental results demonstrate that the properly designed devices can mitigate structural vibration responses, including floor acceleration, displacement, and column strain in an effective, rapid, and robust fashion. Comparison between numerical and experimental results verified the computational model of the nonlinear system and provided a comprehensive verification for the proposed device. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中立型随机发展系统的适定性

针对中立型随机发展系统的温和解与轨道温和解,给出了其存在唯一性与渐近估计的充分条件,推广了经典的Pazy定理与一些近期文献的主要工作.     

一类含脉冲的随机区间细胞神经网络模型的周期解和稳定性

讨论了一类含脉冲的S-分布时滞随机区间细胞神经网络的周期解和指数稳定性问题。利用随机分析的知识、不等式技巧和Poincaré压缩映像理论,研究了系统周期解的存在性和稳定性,得到了S-分布时滞随机细胞神经网络周期解的存在性和全局p阶指数稳定性的新代数判据,同时对周期解的指数收敛率进行了估计,最后通过例子说明了结果的实用性和有效性。     

论基岩滑坡的临床聚能与启程弹冲

剧动式高速滑坡是一种大量存在于自然界中的地质灾害。本文以广家崖斜坡危岩体为例,对基岩滑坡的“临床聚能”和“启程弹冲加速效应”进行了理论分析和探讨。文中详细论证了斜坡岩体滑落破坏时所具有的“启程弹冲加速效应”,并提出了二维应力状态下的启程冲速度计算公式。 启程弹冲机理,主要是锁固段岩体内聚力作用和岩体聚集赋存弹性应变能释放的反应,弹冲速度与内聚力的大小有直接关系。岩体一旦剪断破坏,弹性应变能骤然释放,岩体表现出剧烈的弹性回冲,弹性应变能便瞬间转化为岩体滑动的弹冲动能。这便从理论上对高速滑坡提出了具有实际意义的新机理。     

崩塌落石产生涌浪的流固耦合运动分析

库区崩塌落石以直接打击和涌浪的形式威胁航道安全。三维流体力学与固体力学耦合分析崩塌落石产生的涌浪是目前该领域的研究热点和未来发展方向。以三峡库区巫峡剪刀峰河道为例,利用Flow-3D首次建立了一个k-ε湍流模型和GMO碰撞模型的流固耦合模型,假定的落石体积为1.2×10⁴ m³。流固耦合分析结果显示:运动物体在陆地斜坡上进行弹跳、翻滚、滑动;进入水体后,其运动受水体严重影响,运动物体将一部分能量传递给水体,能量传递率约为6.54%;水体获得了能量,最大涌浪达到10 m,但衰减很快,至河道中心线时浪高2.4 m,至对岸边浪高为0.89 m。根据涌浪高度大小进行了航道预警分区,建议将预警区北航道线南移350 m左右,航道内涌浪风险将大大降低,航道安全度得到提高。     

基于波浪理论的水库地质灾害涌浪数值分析方法

有别于国内现行广泛应用Navie-Stokes方程进行地质灾害涌浪的数值模拟技术,本文采用波浪理论对地质灾害涌浪波进行了分析。地质灾害涌浪波是非周期性波,并且有强烈的非线性,介于中等水波至浅水波之间;可用浅水波模型和Boussinesq模型进行数学描述。本文采用有限差分法的Boussinesq模型,以三峡库区龚家方崩滑体涌浪为例,模拟了涌浪波的传播和爬高问题。该模型能够计算形成涌浪瞬时河面、河面最大波高图、最大流速矢量图、最大爬坡和预警分布图。模拟计算结果与调查结果吻合非常好。这说明基于波浪理论的地质灾害涌浪分析方法精度较高,为涌浪的预测研究提供了一种新的研究方法。     

黏弹性三维层状系统的动力谱单元的研究

将黏弹性材料的应力-应变关系和三维谱单元耦合起来,解决三维黏弹性层状体系受冲击荷载的动力问题。此算法将4参量 Burgers微分型本构黏弹性模型,方便地代入谱单元在频率内的波动解,再通过快速傅立叶变换得到时域内三维层状黏弹性体系的瞬态响应分析的结果。以3层路面体系为例,用此算法对其进行了脉冲荷载下的动力响应分析,与有限元的计算结果进行对比,二者吻合良好,同时又对弹性和黏弹性多种路面模型进行了动力分析和对比。     

Transient dynamic response of multilayered saturated media subjected to impulsive loadings

This paper presents a stable and efficient method for calculating the transient solution of layered saturated media subjected to impulsive loadings by means of the analytical layer element method. Starting with the field equations based on Biot's linear theory for porous, fluid‐saturated media, and the seepage continuity equation, an analytical layer element for a single layer is established by applying Laplace‐Hankel integral transform. The global stiffness matrix in the transform domain for a layered saturated half‐space subjected to a transient circular patch loading is obtained by assembling the layer elements of each layer. The displacements in the time domain are derived by Laplace‐Hankel inverse transform of the global stiffness matrix. Numerical examples are conducted to verify the accuracy of the method and to demonstrate the influences of type of transient loading, buried depth of loading, permeability, and stratification of materials on the transient response of the multilayered saturated poroelastic media.