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1.
Difficulties are involved in discrete element method (DEM) modelling of the flexible boundary, that is, the membranes covering the soil sample, which can be commonly found in contemporary laboratory soil tests. In this paper, a novel method is proposed wherein the finite difference method (FDM) and DEM are coupled to simulate the rubber membrane and soil body, respectively. Numerical plane strain and triaxial tests, served by the flexible membrane, are implemented and analysed later. The effect of the membrane modulus on the measurement accuracy is considered, with analytical formulae derived to judge the significance of this effect. Based on an analysis of stress-strain responses and the grain rotation field, the mechanical performances produced by the flexible and rigid lateral boundaries are compared for the plane strain test. The results show that (1) the effect of the membrane on the test result becomes more significant at larger strain level because the membrane applies additional lateral confining pressure to the soil body; (2) the tested models reproduce typical stress and volumetric paths for specimens with shear bands; (3) for the plane strain test, the rigid lateral boundary derives a much higher peak strength and larger bulk dilatation, but a similar residual strength, compared with the flexible boundary. The latter produces a more uniform (or ‘diffuse') rotation field and more mobilised local kinematics than does the former. All simulations show that the proposed FDM-DEM coupling method is able to simulate laboratory tests with a flexible boundary membrane. 相似文献
2.
Mussels, Mytilus edulis L., were exposed to elevated concentrations of copper or cadmium in the laboratory, then placed in cages in the sea (salinity 7‰). One year later maximum lengths of the mussels were measured and shells screened for deformities. Growth was 0·6 cm year?1 in the control cages and retarded in cages of exposed mussels. A total of 63% of cadmium-exposed and 46% of copper-exposed mussels had shell deformities. In the control cages 26% were deformed while in a natural population only 3% were deformed. The proportion of deformities to growth was inversely related. Low concentrations showed their injuriousness in this long-term test, probably due to the closing of the valves during exposure to high concentrations. 相似文献
3.
严格论证了在对空间或地面目标的定位中,利用伪距测量观测模型的几何因子大于用台站间一次差分观测模型的几何因子.此外,台站间完全差分测量观测的定位精度优于不完全测量情形的定位精度.这些结果给人们在实际工作中采取何种定位方式提供了可靠的理论依据. 相似文献
4.
运输系统的区域效应研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运输系统改进—运距缩短—产业布局调整这一空间过程对不同的区域可能具有完全不同的意义。本文通过对一个两区域—两部门经济模型的研究得出结论:当较落后的资源产区与经济中心之间的距离由于运输系统的改进而缩短时,资源产区的经济结构向单一化转变,初级产品的生产和输出在经济建设中逐渐占主导地位,加工工业逐渐萎缩,地方经济发展受到阻碍,而且这种变化是在距离的某一特定值处突然出现的,带有跃变的性质。这一研究结果表明,对区域运输系统的任何改进措施都应该慎而行之,以免造成与本来目标相悖的区域效应。 相似文献
5.
Aimed at promoting regional coalitions and expanding the approach to economic links, this paper puts forward some new concepts
such as link intensity and receiving coefficient, expounds the indexes of quantitative analysis of economic links and establishes
the quantitative-analysis model of economic links. With help of the model, this paper calculates the values of the link intensities
between Su-Xi-Chang (Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou) region and Shanghai, and analyzes the regional difference of the economic links. 相似文献
6.
《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):85-94
Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS) 相似文献
7.
Quick-look assessments to identify optimal CO2 EOR storage sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vanessa Núñez-López Mark H. Holtz Derek J. Wood William A. Ambrose Susan D. Hovorka 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(8):1695-1706
A newly developed, multistage quick-look methodology allows for the efficient screening of an unmanageably large number of
reservoirs to generate a workable set of sites that closely match the requirements for optimal CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) storage. The objective of the study is to quickly identify miscible CO2 EOR candidates in areas that contain thousands of reservoirs and to estimate additional oil recovery and sequestration capacities
of selected top options through dimensionless modeling and reservoir characterization. Quick-look assessments indicate that
the CO2 EOR resource potential along the US Gulf Coast is 4.7 billion barrels, and CO2 sequestration capacity is 2.6 billion metric tons. In the first stage, oil reservoirs are screened and ranked in terms of
technical and practical feasibility for miscible CO2 EOR. The second stage provides quick estimates of CO2 EOR potential and sequestration capacities. In the third stage, a dimensionless group model is applied to a selected set
of sites to improve the estimates of oil recovery and storage potential using appropriate inputs for rock and fluid properties,
disregarding reservoir architecture and sweep design. The fourth stage validates and refines the results by simulating flow
in a model that describes the internal architecture and fluid distribution in the reservoir. The stated approach both saves
time and allows more resources to be applied to the best candidate sites. 相似文献
8.
研究池养条件下鲻鱼MugilcephalusLinnaeus的年龄和生长特性,结果表明,鳞片新年轮主要在10—1月出现;鳞长与体长关系式为:R—0.00907L(0.7764);I—V龄鱼体长和体重相对生长率和生长指标随着年龄增长而逐渐下降;体长与体重关系式为:W=1.2716×10(-5)L(3.0695),体长与全长关系式为:LT=10.3711+1.1806LB,当年鱼体长和体重生长与月龄的关系分别为:LB=8.6669+25.5769t,W=0.1170t(3.5530),vonBertallanffy生长参数L∞=613.25mm,K=0.3412,t0=-0.825,体重生长拐点值为2.46a。 相似文献
9.
在实验室内, 22. 5±0. 5℃条件下以去头去骨去鳞片去皮的金色小沙丁鱼的纯肉糜为饵料饲养斜带髭鲷幼鱼,测定体重范围在 4. 6~6. 5g的斜带髭鲷的体重、体长的生长曲线及其生态转换效率和特定生长率.实验结果表明,斜带髭鲷的体重、体长在实验期间直线增长,体重、体长的生长曲线分别为Wt(w.w.湿重,下同 ) =0. 391 7t 5. 766 2(R=0. 999 6)和Lt=0. 105t 6. 265(R=0. 989 9).用胃含物法测定斜带髭鲷的胃排空率、日摄食量、日生长量、生态转换效率和特定生长率.实验得到斜带髭鲷消化道的瞬时排空率Rt= 1. 23 4×10-3 (m/m) /h,日摄食量Cd= 1. 342 9g(w.w. ),生态转换效率Eg=29. 50% ±2. 77% [m/m(w.w. ) ],特定生长率SGR=4. 71%±0. 69% [m/m(w.w. ) ]. 相似文献
10.