苔藓生物结皮层腐殖质组成变化特征研究

腐殖质组成是表征土壤化学性质的主要指标之一,在某种程度对评价风沙土的发育过程具有意义。采集了不同气候区沙地沙漠苔藓生物结皮层样品,采用重铬酸钾容量法和光密度法测定了苔藓结皮层腐殖质组成含量和胡敏酸吸光特性。结果表明：随着干燥指数的增加,苔藓结皮层有机质含量由14.93 g·kg^-1降低到9.89 g·kg^-1,腐殖酸总量由5.1 g·kg^-1降低到2.0 g·kg^-1,胡敏酸含量由2.9 g·kg^-1降低到 0.7 g·kg^-1,富里酸含量由2.2 g·kg^-1降低到1.3 g·kg^-1,胡敏酸与富里酸比值（HA/FA）由1.32降低到0.54,E₄/E₆比值则由4.28增加到5.83。苔藓结皮层腐殖质组成含量及胡敏酸吸光特性具有地带性变化趋势,并影响着生物结皮层及流动风沙土的发育演变过程。     

Sex expression and growth rates in natural populations of the desert soil crustal mossSyntrichia caninervis

The low elevation Mojave Desert cryptobiotic crust is dominated by the mossSyntrichia caninervis. In 16 populations of this moss, stem height and population were significantly associated with sex expression, with longer stems expressing sex more frequently and producing more perichaetia. The above-ground age of stems ranged up to 10 years, with a mean growth rate across populations of 0.36 mm year⁻¹. The overall stem sex ratio, as a proportion of the total number of stems, was 0.30♀: 0♂: 0.70 non-expressing. The probability of expressing sex in a given season was 0.09. The absence of sexual reproduction (no sporophytes) and likely absence of the male sex from the area indicate that the non-expressing plants are female individuals. The slow growth rates, low rates of sex expression, absence of male plants, and absence of sexual reproduction in this crustal species may help explain why re-establishment of mosses on desert soils can take decades.     

不同苔藓斑块对亚高山针叶林土壤呼吸和有机碳累积的影响

苔藓植物作为森林生态系统最常见的地被植物之一,对生态过程起着重要调控作用。为探明不同苔藓植物对亚高山生态系统碳循环过程的影响,本文以封闭式动态气室法,对川西贡嘎山东坡峨眉冷杉生态系统赤茎藓(Pleuroziu schreberi)和星塔藓(Hylocomiastrum pyrenaicum)两种苔藓斑块土壤以及裸地斑块土壤CO_2排放速率进行了定位观测,同时探讨了不同苔藓斑块对土壤有机碳累积的影响及潜在途径。结果显示:(1)苔藓植物显著改变了亚高山针叶林土壤CO_2排放速率及其季节变化特征,但不同苔藓植物的影响程度具有差异:赤茎藓和星塔藓作用下土壤CO_2排放速率分别增加了28.5%和46.8%,星塔藓与赤茎藓相比其对土壤CO_2排放的促进作用更显著;(2)苔藓斑块对土壤有机碳(SOC)和溶解性有机碳(DOC)的影响具有物种特异性,两种苔藓中,赤茎藓能够显著促进SOC和DOC累积,但星塔藓的影响不显著。该结果反映了亚高山生态系统不同苔藓物种在促进生态系统碳循环方面的生态功能的差异,由此,在开展亚高山生态系统碳循环以及土壤有机碳储量研究时,应充分考虑苔藓物种对土壤碳过程/碳平衡的作用机制和生态功能差别。     

南极乔治王岛六种苔藓植物的X荧光分析

在无标样条件下 ,我们利用微束 X荧光分析法对南极乔治王岛的 6种苔藓植物的叶和茎进行重元素分析。它们是 :Andreaea regularis,Bryum muehlenbeckii,Drepanocladus uncinatus,Brachythecium subpilosum,Tortula saxiola,Ditrichum austro- georgicum。研究结果发现 ,不同苔藓植物对各种不同重元素的吸收能力不同 ,即使是同一种植物 ,叶和茎中的重元素成分也有差异。在 6种苔藓中 ,Andreaea regularis体内的重元素种类最少 ,但其对 Fe有较强的吸收。由于南极环境条件优越 ,在苔藓植物体内 ,尚未发现大量有毒重金属元素的存在     

贵州关岭县喀斯特峰丛石漠区苔藓群落生态特征

为了了解喀斯特峰丛石漠化区苔藓植物的种类和群落特征,本文选取贵州省安顺市关岭县喀斯特峰丛石漠化区的三种典型生境（裸地、人工植被和自然植被）,对苔藓植物进行样地调查,并利用种间相遇几率（PIE）、生态优势度、Shaanon-Wiener信息指数(衡量生态位宽度)和Morisita-Horn指数(衡量生态位重叠)来分析该区苔藓植物群落的组成、分布规律及生态特征。结果表明:（1）该区苔藓植物共有11科17属22种,真藓科为优势科,苔藓植物群落有19个类型。（2）苔藓群落PIE值与植被覆盖度呈正比,与岩石裸露率呈反比,自然植被生境的苔藓群落PIE值高于人工植被和裸地生境,但研究区苔藓群落PIE总体偏低,反映了喀斯特峰丛地区恶劣的生境条件。（3）研究区内卷叶湿地藓群落(Hyophiletum)、直蒴卷柏藓群落(Racopietum)和皱叶牛舌藓群落(Anomodetum)有着较高的生态优势度和生态位宽度,并且与其它苔藓群落的生态位重叠值很高。表明这三种苔藓群落对不同类型的峰丛石漠化生境都有着较好的适应能力,能够很好地与其它苔藓群落互利共生。      

Microscopic calcite dendrites in cold-water tufa: implications for nucleation of micrite and cement

Dendritic calcite forms in an active cold-water tufa system in association with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that discontinuously coat bryophytes and cyanobacteria. Dendrites consist of 100–200 nm thick calcite fibres that form 3D lattice-like domains. In each dendrite domain, fibres have three structurally equal orientations, which correspond in disposition to radii from the centre of a calcite unit cell to the convex triple face junctions on its surface. Fibres do not form in the orientation of the c-axis. The external form of each dendrite has the shape of half of a shortened octahedron, with an upper triangular surface parallel to the substrate. Dendrite nucleation takes place on or in microbial EPS, whether microbial cells are present or not, and is probably effected by attraction of Ca²⁺ cations to negatively charged EPS, together with CO₂-degassing and concomitant pH increase of supersaturated spring water in stream splash zones. Ensuing dendrite growth is abiogenic and controlled by diffusion. Dendrite c-axes are perpendicular to the substrate, probably because the negative charge of EPS forces the orientation of Ca²⁺ and CO planes within the developing dendrite crystal to be parallel to the EPS film surface. Dendrites are eventually filled and overgrown by solid, syntaxial calcite, which gradually and completely obliterates the dendrites as more familiar calcite crystal forms develop. No trace of the dendritic nucleus remains in the rock record. Calcite crystal nucleation may take place by this mechanism in many marine and meteoric settings, given that microbial EPS is now assumed to be virtually ubiquitous in these environments. This phenomenon could contribute to the development of familiar fabrics such as marine micrite cement and fibrous calcite cement, radial ooids, peloids, ‘abiogenic’ stromatolites, sea floor precipitates, microbialites, tufa, travertine, speleothems, and some meteoric cements. It may also contribute to the substrate-normal orientation of c-axes of common cement fabrics.     

林歹二矿岩溶型铝土矿区藓类植物多样性及其生态分布特征研究

文章对贵州省清镇市站街镇林歹二矿铝土矿区的四种不同生态环境下的藓类植物生物多样性及其生态分布特征进行研究。结果表明,共有藓类植物10科22属37种,其中丛藓科（Pottiaceae）、青藓科（Brachytheciaceae）和灰藓科(Hypnaceae)为本矿区的优势科,真藓属（Bryum）、曲柄藓属（Campyloopus）、毛口藓属（Trichostomum）和青藓属(Brachythecium)为优势属。黄牛毛藓（Ditrichum pallidum）、疣肋曲柄藓（Campylopus schwarzii）、日本大丛藓（Molendoa japonica）等为优势种;铝土矿区苔藓植物生活型以矮丛集型居多;单一物种群落在这一矿区的苔藓植物群落中占有一定优势。苔藓植物的Shannon-Wiener指数和丰富度指数均表现为油菜种植区多样性指数最高,其次为矿区树林区,废石堆积区和细小矿石及矿土堆积恢复区这类受人类活动影响较大的地区苔藓植物多样性指数较小;Pielous均匀度指数表现为矿区树林区（0.8525)>废石堆积区（0.8327）>矿区油菜种植区（0.7650）>细小矿石及矿土堆积恢复区（0.6229）; β多样性指数表现为细小矿石及矿土堆积恢复区—废石堆积区（0.5000）最高,最低为细小矿石及矿土堆积恢复区—矿区树林区（0.1538）。主成分分析（PCA）结果显示出细小矿石及矿土堆积恢复区和废石堆积区中的苔藓植物组成有较大差异性,小曲尾藓（Dicranella grevilleana） 和长尖扭口藓（Barbula ditrichoides）分别是矿土堆积恢复区和废石堆积区的特征种。相关性较高的苔藓植物种类在岩溶型铝土矿区环境中经常伴随生长。      

Long-term hydrological,biogeochemical, and ecological data for the Kuparuk River,North Slope,Alaska

The Kuparuk River, located on Alaska's North Slope, is one of the most studied rivers in the Arctic. For nearly 40 seasons, physical, chemical, and biological parameters have been monitored continuously in a 5 km, 4th-order reach of the river during the short summer season when there is flow in this river. Flow decreases as the tundra begins to refreeze in the late autumn and these streams normally remain frozen until the spring freshet. The monitoring program has supported a 34-year phosphorus enrichment experiment conducted by the Arctic Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. Enrichment with phosphorus dramatically changed the structure and function of the primary producer community in the fertilized reach, with cascading effects in higher trophic levels. The datasets generated by this experiment have revealed significant increases in flow-weighted mean concentrations of nitrate and significant decreases in flow-weighted mean concentrations of dissolved organic N and P over time. In this paper, we present an overview of the nutrient concentration, discharge, macroinvertebrate, and Arctic grayling population datasets we have collected. The purposes of these datasets are to track changes resulting from the enrichment experiment, support ancillary research on responses of an Arctic stream to climate warming and permafrost thaw, and to provide input and validation data for models to predict future changes in Arctic streams.     

耐旱藓类的抗旱生理及其机理研究

耐旱藓类广泛分布于干旱及半干旱地区。本文综述分析了苔藓植物的耐旱能力和适应耐旱的形态结构和生理特征，从细胞和分子水平，对苔藓植物的耐旱机理进行了综述，并展望了我国苔藓植物的耐旱生理生态学研究前景。     

Biological and Temporal Variations of Trace Element Concentrations in the Moss Species Scleropodium purum (Hedw.) Limpr.

Over a period of one year, the moss Scleropodium purum was sampled every two weeks in a French rural area to determine the levels of Li, Na, Al, Si, P, Ca, V, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ba, Hg, and Pb. The element distribution in the moss shoot was studied throughout the year. An apical bioconcentration was discovered for Na, P, Ca, Mn, and Zn, whereas higher levels were found in the basal fraction for Li, Al, Si, V, Fe, Ba, Hg, and Pb. A significant variation of element concentrations was observed during the sampling period. In the apical part Li, Al, Si, V, Fe, Ba, and Hg show maximum levels in the summer and minimum in the autumn. The same pattern was found with Ca and Mn in the whole plant, whereas Na showed opposite fluctuations.