大气扩散模型在气象应急保障中的应用

根据2008年11月12日广州市气象局在从化市举行的气象应急保障演习,利用气体扩散模型和事故现场气象参数,对污染事故的环境影响进行评估,为发生有毒有害化学品泄漏或爆炸期间气象应急保障提供技术支持,以便采取有效的措施,令污染事故对周围环境的影响和人员的伤亡降至最低。     

生态环境地质学——21世纪新兴的地球学科

环境地质学研究人为地质活动所引起的灾害，地质环境学研究自然环境对人类的影响，两者是完全不同的学科。生态环境地质学应用生物学、环境学和地质学的原理和知识，解决由于人类利用和开发自然环境而引起的问题。生态环境地质学牵涉到分类学、生态学、生物化学、环境化学、沉积学、第四纪地质学和地球化学的研究，涉及到由于人为的地质作用而引起的元素重新迁移、重新富集和重新沉积的过程，对于生命和人类的健康是非常重要的，还涉及到国家和地区经济的可持续发展。生态环境地质学的研究包括下列内容：(1)生态环境地质可容负荷研究；(2)监测研究；(3)预警研究；(4)修复研究；(5)实验研究；(6)虚拟研究。     

Net total and UV-B radiation at the sea surface

A three-week continuous record from 21 September to 5 October 1988 of solar and terrestrial downward and upward radiation flux densities (1 data set per minute) obtained during the Atlantic Ocean cruise of the R/V Polarstern (ANT VII/1) along 30° W between 30° N and 30° S is evaluated. As the cruise crossed both subtropics and tropics of the Atlantic Ocean, characteristic daily cycles and meridional distributions of the radiation components and atmospheric turbidity were obtained. Special attention is given to the ultraviolet component of global radiation. The influence of cloudiness on the radiation quantities is discussed. As the knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of solar and longwave atmospheric radiation at the sea surface is important for numerous meteorological, oceanographic, and physico-chemical investigations, this data set is compared with other measurements of the cruise. This work is the continuation of the measurements made during the cruise ANT V/5 of R/V Polarstern along 30° W between 40° S and 40° N in March/April 1987.