Determination and application of the weights for landslide susceptibility mapping using an artificial neural network

The purpose of this study is the development, application, and assessment of probability and artificial neural network methods for assessing landslide susceptibility in a chosen study area. As the basic analysis tool, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for spatial data management and manipulation. Landslide locations and landslide-related factors such as slope, curvature, soil texture, soil drainage, effective thickness, wood type, and wood diameter were used for analyzing landslide susceptibility. A probability method was used for calculating the rating of the relative importance of each factor class to landslide occurrence. For calculating the weight of the relative importance of each factor to landslide occurrence, an artificial neural network method was developed. Using these methods, the landslide susceptibility index (LSI) was calculated using the rating and weight, and a landslide susceptibility map was produced using the index. The results of the landslide susceptibility analysis, with and without weights, were confirmed from comparison with the landslide location data. The comparison result with weighting was better than the results without weighting. The calculated weight and rating can be used to landslide susceptibility mapping.     

不规则边界场地中方格法土方工程量的计算

结合方格法计算土方工程量的全过程,介绍了一种不同于传统教材的确定高程权的方法。采用该方法,比较好地解决了不规则边界场地采用方格法计算土方量的难题,对该方法的实际应用具有指导意义。     

Managing expert-information uncertainties for assessing collapse susceptibility of abandoned underground structures

Assessing the collapse susceptibility of abandoned cavities at a regional scale is associated with large uncertainties that are mainly related to the very nature of the phenomena, but also to the difficulty in collecting exhaustive information at such a scale on often “forgotten” structures. In this context, the expert's role is essential, because he is able to synthesize the information resulting from the inventory and from the commonly imprecise, if not vague, criteria on the basis of his experience and his knowledge of the geological, historical, economic regional context.In this article, we propose mathematical tools for representing and processing this information in order to give flexibility to this step and manage the uncertainty inherent in the expert's information. The first tool, based on the weight of evidence theory, is for managing the uncertainty due to the heterogeneous spatial distribution of the data, whereas the second tool, based on the fuzzy set theory, is for managing the imprecision and incompleteness of available data, which hinder the definition of the class boundaries of the quantitative decision criteria. Based on an appropriate representation of the uncertainty sources (related to the input data and to the expert diagnostic), we then propose a methodology that integrates the uncertainty in the final output of the collapse susceptibility assessment and provides a confidence indicator useful within the decision-making process. The proposed methodology is applied to the Arras territory in the North of France, where abandoned chalk pits (dating back to the Roman ages) and war saps located in the vicinity of the First World War front lines (i.e. covered trenches), raise both difficulties for urban planning.     

黄河上游及源头区生态环境质量综合评价

本文简要介绍了利用遥感和地理信息系统技术进行黄河上游及源头区生态环境质量综合评价中,评价因子的获取及其分值和权值的确定,评价模型的建立及评价等级的划分。评价结果表明,该区环境质量具有垂直分带规律,人类不合理的经济活动是影响环境质量的重要因素。     

灰色关联法在青海明长城单体建筑病害与危险性评价中的应用

土遗址保护是目前国内外文物保护研究的热点问题,但关于土遗址的病害量化,各病害间的关联程度以及土遗址的危险性评价却少有研究。通过对青海省湟中明长城的17个单体建筑-烽火台的现场调查,采用灰色关联理论分析坍塌体积、掏蚀体积、冲沟体积、裂隙长度、洞穴体积、片状剥离面积、生物破坏面积7个影响因子的权重及关联性,并建立土遗址单体的危险性评价模型进而对其进行危险性评价,最终确定各单体建筑的危险程度。     

地震前电磁辐射信息特征研究

反映电磁辐射信息的地震前异常变化很多,但都有一个震前平静－加强－平静然后发震的特征,为了更好地体现这种特征,根据十几年来河北廊坊电磁台网的观测资料,通过给不同强度段的各台日信息量赋予不同的权值,并把当日各台权值累加来反映当日内多台信息量集中的强弱,然后把上述权累加和用一种不连续积分的方法反映异常的持续时间,通过对监测范围内４次Ｍｓ≥５．０地震震例分析,发现该方法反映震前异常特征明显,短临效果很好,     

甘肃白银厂矿区及其外围铜矿床成矿特征与定量预测

北祁连地区是我国重要的海相火山成因铜多金属块状硫化物矿床成矿带,位于该区东段的白银矿田内产出有多个大型-特大型VMS矿床,具有较好的找矿前景.在该地区铜矿床成矿特征研究的基础上,利用GIS技术提取与成矿有关的地层、构造、岩浆岩、地球化学等多元找矿信息,构建了白银矿区及外围铜矿床的证据权重找矿模型,利用后验概率圈定出找矿远景区,按照各找矿远景区相对成矿可能性的大小和各找矿标志将远景区分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3级,各级找矿远景区各3个.     

山东省产业重心转移与可持续发展研究

 本文利用经济空间结构的重心研究方法,分析了山东省近八年来产业重心的转移,提出了山东省产业可持续发展战略     

Landslide susceptibility assessment using three bivariate models considering the new topo-hydrological factor: HAND

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to assess the relative contribution of the state-of-the-art topo-hydrological factor, known as height above the nearest drainage (HAND), to landslide susceptibility modellling using three novel statistical models: weights-of-evidence (WofE), index of entropy and certainty factor. In total, 12 landslide conditioning factors that affect the landslide incidence were used as input to the models in the Ziarat Watershed, Golestan Province, Iran. Landslide inventory was randomly divided into a ratio of 70:30 for training and validating the results of the models. The optimum combination of conditioning factors was identified using the principal components analysis (PCA) method. The results demonstrated that HAND is the defining factor among hydrological and topographical factors in the study area. Additionally, the WofE model had the highest prediction capability (AUPRC = 74.31%). Therefore, HAND was found to be a promising factor for landslide susceptibility mapping.     

不同大地坐标系大地坐标求解转换参数模型的应用和权阵的选取

本文介绍了布尔莎(L,B,H)公式求解转换参数模型的应用,重点是讨论权阵的选取。其结果表明,按最小二乘平差求转换参数时,必须使用相关权阵。