GPS CORS系统中NTRIP传输技术的应用研究

NTRIP是一种播发实时差分定位改正信息的IP协议。本文讨论了NTRIP的组成、工作原理,并给出一个应用实例。     

Estimating the minimum in-stream flow requirements via wetted perimeter method based on curvature and slope techniques

Under the assumptions of triangular cross section channel and uniform stable flow, an analytical solution of the minimum ecological in-stream flow requirement (MEIFR) is deduced. Based on the analytical solution, the uncertainty of the wetted perimeter method is analyzed by comparing the two techniques for the determination of the critical point on the relationship curve between wetted perimeter, P and discharge, Q. It is clearly shown that the results of MEIFR based on curvature technique (corresponding to the maximum curvature) and slope technique (slope being 1) are significantly different. On the P-Q curve, the slope of the critical point with the maximum curvature is 0.39 and the MEIFR varied prominently with the change of the slope threshold. This indicates that if a certain value of the slope threshold is not available for slope technique, curvature technique may be a better choice. By applying the analytical solution of MEIFR in the losing rivers of the Western Route South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China, the MEIFR value via curvature technique is 2.5%-23.7% of the multi-year average annual discharge, while that for slope technique is 11%-105.7%. General conclusions would rely on the more detailed research for all kinds of cross-sections.     

Spatial assessment and redesign of a groundwater quality monitoring network using entropy theory, Gaza Strip, Palestine

Using entropy theory, a methodology was developed for the evaluation and redesign of groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip in Palestine. Essential to the methodology is the development of a Transinformation Model (TM) which yields the amount of information transfer and the dependency between the wells as a function of distance. The TM parameters, such as the minimum transinformation and the range, were employed for evaluating the network which revealed that most of the distances between wells were less than the range. It also indicated that a high percentage of redundant information existed in the network. Therefore, the network was reduced by superimposing a square pattern over the monitored area and selecting one well per square block in a stratified pattern. The methodology was tested using the chloride data collected from 1972–2000 from 417 groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip. The number of the groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip was reduced by 53%, while there was 26% redundant information based on the minimum existing distance between wells. This methodology is meant to help monitor the groundwater quality (salinity) in the Gaza Strip.     

隐伏煤田的TM信息提取及地质效果

在遥感图像上,被巨厚第四系冲积层覆盖的煤田区隐伏地质构造和火成岩分布信息是一种非直接的、微弱的隐伏信息,本文以淮北煤田为实例,探讨了从TM图像上提取这种信息的可行性与方法,并分析了其地质效果。     

Space charge generation in the atmosphere and the density of mechanical transfer current to the ground

The correlation of mechanical transfer current from the atmosphere to the ground with the process of space charge formation as a result of conductivity current divergence near ground is under discussion in this research. Experimental data of conductivity current and mechanical transfer current acquired at three observation points for different meteorological conditions are analyzed. In particular, the peculiarities of mechanical charge transfer to ground under different stratifications of the surface layer are under discussion.     

气候波动和人类活动对南水北调中线工程典型流域径流影响的定量评估

以南水北调中线工程典型流域汉江上游流域和滦河流域为研究对象,采用敏感性分析法、降水?径流双累积曲线法、累积量斜率变化率比较法定量评估了气候波动和人类活动对流域径流变化的影响。结果表明：汉江上游流域和滦河流域变异Ⅰ/Ⅱ期年均径流深相对于基准期分别减少了29.5% / 19.1%和49.8% / 70.0%;对于汉江上游流域,1991-1999年（变异Ⅰ期）气候波动是径流减少的主要影响因素,2000-2008年（变异Ⅱ期）人类活动则是径流减少的主要影响因素,且人类活动对汉江上游流域径流减少的影响逐步增加;对于滦河流域,1980-2010年（变异Ⅰ/Ⅱ期）人类活动一直是径流减少的主要影响因素,且气候波动和人类活动对径流减少的影响贡献率基本保持不变。     

基于迁移学习的地球物理测井储层参数预测方法研究

随着大数据和机器学习的成熟和推广应用,人工神经网络在地球物理测井预测储层参数中得到重视.本文引入迁移学习进行测井储层参数预测,以孔隙度预测神经网络模型和孔隙度含水饱和度联合预测神经网络模型为基础模型,分别以渗透率及含水饱和度预测作为目标任务进行迁移学习,以提升储层参数预测效果和效率.文中详细阐述了基于迁移学习的测井储层参数预测方法,并使用64口井的测井数据进行储层参数预测效果分析.结果表明,使用迁移学习后,渗透率模型预测效果最高可以提升58.3%;含水饱和度模型预测效果最高可以提升近40%,且最大可以节省60%的计算资源;以孔隙度预测模型为基础模型时更适合使用参数冻结的训练方式,以孔隙度含水饱和度联合预测模型为基础模型时更适合使用参数微调的训练方式.

     

基于深部位移的蠕滑型滑坡预警指标及预警预报研究

基于边坡监测数据建立数学模型,是边坡变形和稳定性分析的重要方法。但是单一预测模型的形式和应用范围具有一定的确定性,不同模型对数据的利用程度也有所差别,往往不能充分运用已知信息,导致模型精度不高,适用性不强。针对单一预测模型存在的问题,提出一种基于熵权法的PSO-SVR-NGM优化组合模型。该模型结合高精度变权缓冲NGM(1,1,k,c)模型和PSO-SVR模型,能够减小单一预测模型的误差,大幅度提高预测精度。首先通过引入变权缓冲算子λ和背景值权重系数η、κ改进无偏NGM(1,1,k,c)模型,构建新的3参数变权缓冲NGM(1,1,k,c)模型。结合最大灰色关联度和最小平均相对拟合误差重新构造粒子群算法的适应度函数,利用改进的粒子群算法对提出的变权缓冲模型进行搜索寻优,确定最佳的参数组合。然后通过熵权法对改进的变权缓冲NGM(1,1,k,c)模型和PSO-SVR模型进行赋权建立优化组合模型。最后,将该组合模型应用于3个不同变形特征的边坡工程中,并与其他单一模型进行对比分析。结果表明,相对于单一模型,本文所提出的组合模型的拟合和预测误差较小,与原始位移数据的相关性较好,能够更真实地反映边坡变形规律,具有较强的工程适应性。同时组合模型的提出与发展也促进了单一模型的优化改进,为解决实际工程问题提供了良好的思路。     

浅层地震反射在郧西盆地断层探测中的应用与研究

在前期详细地质调查的基础上,对郧西盆地进行针对性的浅层地震反射勘探,并利用地震发射结果来确定断层位置及构造特征。该研究对南水北调中线核心水源区地震安全系统的建设有一定意义。     

基于DTU的加速度强振动记录终端的设计

设计基于DTU的强振记录终端,采用SOC系列C8051F015型单片机对MEMS加速度计的输出信号进行A/D转换,监测待测体所经受的强振加速度值,并通过DTU内嵌的GPRS无线网络通讯方式将数据发送到远程数据中心.该系统具有体积小,安装与操作方便,免维护等特性.