土木大类测量实习教学模式的改革与实践

土木大类的测量学实习在培养学生的生产实践能力方面起着不可或缺的作用,分析了目前实习模式的特点,指出现有实习模式存在的缺陷,认为测量实习环节应根据不同的专业方向开辟具有专业特色的实习项目,针对公路工程、桥梁工程、建筑工程和港口与航道工程专业提出新的实习模式,在教学实践改革中取得了良好效果。     

THEORY AND PRACTICE FOR COMPILING THE ATLAS OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN CHINA

CompilinganatlasofnaturaldisastersinChinaisabasistoresearchintoregionaldisasterssystems,torevealthetemPOralandspatialpatternofnaturaldisasters,aswellastoestablishcountermeasuresopinstnamraldisasters.TaldngtheuAtlasOfNaturalDisastersinChina"**asanexample,thisarticleinquiresintotheoreticalandpracticalproblemsaboutcompilinganatlasofregionalnaturaldisasters.ThebasictheoryofcompilinganatlasOfregionaldisastershasbeenfOundedonthecombinati0nofthesciencesofdisasters,cart0graphyandregiotalmhy.Theref…     

Subaltern strategies and development practice: urban water privatization in Ghana

This paper is concerned with subaltern actions providing alternatives to development practice. I use Ghana's attempt at urban water privatization to illustrate that Ghana's development practice is characterized by a dependence on foreign sources of capital and expertise that illustrates a psyche and mindset of Eurocentrism associated with the elite and decisionmakers of the country. The rationale for water privatization, the how of privatization, and the anti-development opposition to privatization not only demonstrate this dependency but also the extent to which decisionmakers are willing to sacrifice sovereignty and culturally sensitive ways of doing things, to global capital, in exchange for development funds. In the state's zeal for Western or Occidental development, subalterns in Ghana have devised hybridities that are post-traditional and Oriental in nature to solve their water problems. These development solutions are couched within structures provided to human agency and suggest that development practice should therefore listen to subalterns in terms of how they imagine and solve their problems. The concern with subaltern voices shows the relationship between postcolonial studies and development practice.     

国土资源科技成果管理信息化现状与展望

本文通过对国土资源部科技成果管理现状和国内外科技成果管理水平的分析,构建了国土资源科技成果管理主流程信息化发展的基本思路和框架,并对实施国土资源科技成果管理信息化提出了建设性意见。     

中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔100～2000 m 放射性产热元素的垂向分布特征及其成因

地球内部放射性产热元素U、Th及K(HPE)含量如何随深度的变化而变化是固体地球科学中的一个重要参数,在限定地壳的热和流变学结构、地球化学、岩石和构造模型中起关键性的作用。对HPE深部分布的认识主要来自于对大型花岗岩岩基的研究及对地表热流值和产热率之间关系的模拟,对高压-超高压变质地体的HPE随深度的分布缺乏认识。在苏鲁超高压变质带中实施的中国大陆科学钻探工程届时将提供超过5km的岩心,为确定苏鲁超高压带的HPE结构提供了最好的机会。对CCSD的100～2000m岩心的732块样品详细的放射性产热元素含量的测试及现今产热率计算的初步结果表明:(1)花岗质片麻岩具有最高的产热率,平均为1665×10-11W/kg;(2)副片麻岩(变沉积岩)具有中等的产热率,为994×10-11W/kg;(3)金红石榴辉岩及石榴石橄榄岩具有最低的产热率,为17×10-11～20×10-11W/kg;(4)放射性产热元素的浓度及相应的产热率随岩性的变化而变化,呈现阶梯状的分布特征。产热率随深度的变化特征表明CCSD主孔中的HPE三明治结构。该结构可能代表着高压-超高压变质地体中的典型HPE结构,比大型花岗岩岩基的HPE结构更复杂,与传统的HPE指数衰减分布模式不吻合。CCSD主孔中所揭示的三明治式HPE结构是大陆被动陆缘中的基性及超基性岩、沉积岩及花岗岩在深     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔声发射法现今地应力状态的确定

对中国大陆科学钻探主孔的岩心进行了声发射测量,确定了301～1531m深度的最大主应力。并与钻孔崩落法(深度1269～1655m)测量结果进行了对比,结果表明,声发射测量所得测值基本上落在钻孔崩落法测值的趋势线上,两种方法所得结果一致,说明测量结果可信。测量结果表明科学钻探主孔地应力大小随深度增加,在浅部301m最大主应力为13.4MPa,在深部1655m为55.2MPa。随深度的增加率为0.0279MPa/m。最大主应力方向为N54°±3.3°E,且方向不随深度变化。     

Physical properties of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Sulu terrain, eastern central China: implications for the seismic structure at the Donghai (CCSD) drilling site

About 30 samples representing major lithologies of Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks were collected from surface exposures and exploration wells, and compressional (Vp) and shear wave (Vs) velocities and their directional dependence (anisotropy) were determined over a range of constant confining pressures up to 600 MPa and temperatures ranging from 20 to 600 °C. Samples range in composition from acidic to ultramafic. P- and S-wave velocities measured at 600 MPa vary from 5.08 to 8.64 km/s and 2.34 to 4.93 km/s, respectively. Densities are in the range from 2.60 to 3.68 g/cm³. To make a direct tie between seismic measurements (refraction and reflection) and subsurface lithologies, the experimental velocity data (corresponding to shallow depths) were used to calculate velocity profiles for the different lithologies and profiles of reflection coefficients at possible lithologic interfaces across the projected 5000-m Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CCSD) crustal segment. Comparison of calculated in situ velocities with respective intrinsic velocities suggests that the in situ velocities at shallow depths are lowered by an increased abundance of open microcracks. The strongly reflective zone beneath the Donghai drill site can be explained by the impedance contrasts between the different lithologies. Contacts between eclogite/peridotite and felsic rocks (gt-gneiss, granitic gneiss), in particular, may give rise to strong seismic reflections. In addition, shear-induced (lattice preferred orientation (LPO)-related) seismic anisotropy can increase reflectivity. For the explanation of the high velocity bodies (>6.4 km/s) around 1000 m and below 3200-m depth, large proportions of eclogite/peridotite (about 40 and 30 vol.%, respectively) are needed.     

华容县注滋口大桥12#墩钻孔灌注桩成井措施与施工实践

华容县注滋口大桥12#墩钻孔灌注桩工程条件极差，经多种方法试验，最后采用了经济合理的冲击与回旋相结合的处理措施，成功地解决了上部大厚度、大体积的块石层及下部砂砾层整体失稳等技术难题。     

科技期刊发展的挑战与机遇

中国加入世贸组织后 ,面对开放的世界性大市场的直接冲击 ,我国出版发行行业的竞争必将更加激烈。优胜劣汰 ,会直接考验每个出版社、每份期刊。为了使我国的期刊在竞争中成为胜者 ,探讨了科技期刊参与竞争的困难与优势 ,提出了如何提高我国科技期刊竞争力的粗浅看法     

国际地磁学与高空物理学协会和国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会联合科学大会及地震电磁研究进展

简要介绍了 2 0 0 1年 8月 1 9～ 3 1日在越南河内召开的国际地磁学与高空物理学协会 ( IAGA)和国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会 ( IASPEI)联合科学大会以及地震电磁研究进展 ,表明地震电磁前兆在地震预测研究中具有一定的实际效果与良好的研究前景。我们建议在不久的将来能在北京举办 IAGA,IASPEI和 IUGG(国际大地测量学与地球物理学联合会 )大会。这将促进我国的科技进步 ,有助于加强我国在国际科学界的地位与影响。