南亚高压上下高原时间及其与高原季风建立早晚的关系

本文利用1948—2013年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,定义了南亚高压动态特征指数,讨论了南亚高压上下高原的时间以及与高原季风建立早晚的关系。研究表明,南亚高压北界位置在4月初开始北移,5月迅速北抬,最北可达到55°N,9月开始南撤,西伸脊点在5—10月移动较稳定,5—7月向西移动到青藏高原上空,8—10月向东移动撤离高原,11月—次年4月东西摆动剧烈。南亚高压初上高原大致为6月第3候(33候),而撤离约为10月第4候(58候)。南亚高压移上高原的时间较高原夏季风建立晚73 d左右。南亚高压撤离高原时间较高原冬季风建立约早5 d。高原夏季风的建立和南亚高压初上高原是青藏高原热力作用在不同阶段的结果,反映在了高原的高低层上。     

关于夏季南亚高压的进一步研究Ⅰ.与我国西北地区降水关系的统计分析

为了进一步统一分析夏季１００ｈＰａ南亚高压脊线和中心位置与西北地区降水的关系，利用１９７０～１９８５年７～８月逐日历史天气图及降雨量等资料，统计了南亚高压脊线和中心活动的基本特征；划分了逐日东、西部型及带状型南亚高压及持续的东、西部型南亚高压过程，还区分了西北区东、西部的多雨、少雨日。结果表明：南亚高压脊线和中心位置（特别是持续的东、西部型南亚高压过程）与西北区东、西部多雨和少雨过程有密切联系     

Conversion characteristics between barotropic and baroclinic circulations of the sah in its seasonal evolution

In the context of 1958-1997 NCEP/NCAR re-analyses, the South Asia high (SAH) was divided into two components, barotropic and baroclinic, the former based on mass weighed vertical integration and the latter on the difference between the measured circulation and the barotropic component counterpart, where upon the barotropic and baroclinic circulation conversion features were addressed of the research SAH during its seasonal variation. Evidence suggests that i) in summer (winter), the SAH is a thermal (dynamical) system, with dominant baroclinicity (barotropicity), either of the components accounting for approximately 70% of the total contribution; ii) as time progresses from winter to summer, accompanied by the barotropic SAH evolving into its baroclinic analog, the SAH is moving under the “thermal guidance” of its baroclinic component circulation, suggestion that the component circulation precedes the system itself in variation; iii) the reversal happens when it goes from summer to winter, with the SAH displacement under the “dynamic steering” of its barotropic component circulation.     

ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POTENTIAL VORTICITY LOCATED AT SOUTH EDGE OF SOUTH ASIA HIGH ON INTENSIFICATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

The NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis of June-to-September dataset between 2002 to 2009 is used in this study to conduct statistical analysis of the relationship between the environmental potential vorticity(PV)on 150 hPa located at the south edge of South Asia High(SAH)and TCs making landfall.The results show that 23 of the TCs are affected by the PV on 150 hPa located at the south edge of SAH between 2002 to2009,and three TCs'center pressure decline after the high-value environmental PV moves to the center of the TCs.These three TCs are Senlaku(0216),Bilis(0604)and Linfa(0903).Through diagnostic analysis from the viewpoint of isolines,we determined the relationship between the intensification of these TCs and the PV anomaly at high levels;the isentropic surface is close to the high level’s PV anomaly under the influence of the 150-hPa PV anomaly,leading to the decline of isentropic surfaces on both sides of the PV anomaly.Then the warm core of the middle and high levels of the TC strengthens and PV increases at the middle level,and both of them are beneficial to the reinforcement of the cyclonic vorticity in the low level.As a result,the center pressure of the TC declines.According to Wu’s theory of Slantwise Vorticity Development(SVD),the incline of the isentropic surfaces leads to the development of vertical vorticity,contributing to the vertical motion and the release of the latent heat.Then the warm core of the TC strengthens and the TC strengthens,too.Otherwise,piecewise PV inversion also shows that the high-level PV influences the mid-level more than the low level.     

Structure of South Asia High in the stratosphere and influence of ENSO

The structure of the South Asia High(SAH)in the stratosphere and the influence of ENSO on the SAH are systematically investigated with the long-term ECMWF reanalysis data.The results show that the SAH only exists in low levels of the stratosphere.The maximum intensity of the High is located at around 150 hPa and there is no obvious anti-cyclonic structure above 50 hPa.The axis of the SAH center tends to be northwest slanting from lower levels to higher levels.Further analyses show that the geopotential height and temperature fields of the SAH have dramatic anomalies during El Ni?o years and La Ni?a years. Corresponding to the ENSO,the SAH is weaker(stronger)at the warm(cold)phase.     

The Impact of the South Asia High Bimodality on the Chemical Composition of the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere

The South Asia High (SAH) is the dominant feature of the circulation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) during the boreal summer,and the upper tropospheric anticyclonic circulation extends into the lower stratosphere.The preferred locations of the center of the SAH occur in two different regions,and the center can be located over the Iranian Plateau or over the Tibetan Plateau.This bimodality has an impact on the distribution of chemical constituents in the UTLS region.We analyzed water vapor (H 2 O),carbon monoxide (CO),and ozone (O 3) data derived from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and total column ozone data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI).For the Iranian Plateau mode of the SAH,the tropospheric tracers exhib-ited a positive anomaly over the Iranian Plateau and a negative anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau,whereas the stratospheric tracer exhibited a negative and a positive anomaly over the Iranian Plateau and the Tibetan Plateau,respectively.For the Tibetan Plateau mode,however,the distribution of the anomaly was the reverse of that found for the chemical species in the UTLS region.Furthermore,the locations of the extrema within the anomaly seemed to differ across chemical species.The anomaly extrema for H 2 O occurred in the vicinity of the SAH ridgeline,whereas CO and O 3 exhibited a northward shift of 4-8 degrees.These impacts of the variation in the SAH on the chemical constitutes in the UTLS region can be attributed in part to the dynamical structure delineated by the tro-popause field and the temperature field at 100 hPa.     

南亚高压在NCEP-2和MERRA再分析资料中的对比分析

通过双线性插值、相关分析、Morlet小波分析等分析方法,围绕新高分辨率再分析资料MERRA的可用性,对比分析了NASA高分辨率再分析资料MERRA和NCEP-DOE（NCEP-2）再分析资料中100hPa南亚高压的活动特征.结果表明：100hPa上,NCEP-2和MERRA资料南亚高压的特征线数值不同,NCEP-2资料为1680dgpm,比MERRA资料大4dgpm,但MERRA资料南亚高压的范围明显大于NCEP-2资料.除东伸指数外,NCEP-2和MERRA资料反映的南亚高压同一特征指数年际变化趋势基本一致,特别是两种资料南亚高压脊线指数的年际变化曲线基本重合.以20世纪90年代初为界,之前,NCEP-2资料南亚高压东伸指数、面积指数和强度指数正异常,MERRA资料南亚高压东伸指数、面积指数和强度指数负异常,NCEP-2中的指数值大于MERRA中对应的指数值;之后,反之.NCEP-2和MERRA资料南亚高压面积指数、强度指数的气候均值间存在显著差异.NCEP-2和MERRA资料南亚高压强度指数的方差间存在显著差异.两种资料反映的夏季南亚高压同一特征指数的显著周期在1979～2009年有很好的一致性：都具有相同的显著周期,并且位相也基本吻合,但两种资料在反映南亚高压主周期特征上存在一定差异：南亚高压面积指数、强度指数在MERRA资料中以准4年周期为主,在NCEP-2资料中则同时表现为准4年和8～9年两个周期.     

夏季北半球极涡与南亚高压东西振荡的关系

利用合成分析、交叉谱和Morlet小波分析,讨论了夏季100 hPa极涡面积指数与南亚高压东西振荡间的关系。结果表明:极涡与南亚高压东伸指数之间存在显著的反相关关系,当极涡面积扩张时,南亚高压易偏西;当极涡面积收缩时,南亚高压则易东伸。交叉谱的结果也表明:二者在不同波数上,也具有显著关系,在7.5年及3年周期振动上,二者位相相差较小。同时,在南亚高压异常偏东及偏西年份,高度场、流场、温度场均有不同的配置形式,这在一定程度上反映了南亚高压偏东及偏西年不同的环流特征。     

南亚高压季节变化中的正斜压环流转换特征

利用１９５８～１９９７ 年的 Ｎ Ｃ Ｅ Ｐ／ Ｎ Ｃ Ａ Ｒ 再分析资料,采用将大气环流在垂直方向分解为正压和斜压环流两个分量的方法,讨论了南亚高压季节演变中的正斜压环流的转换特征。指出（１）夏季,南亚高压以斜压性为主,其斜压分量约占 ７０ ％ 的比重,冬季以正压性为主,其正压分量约占 ７０ ％ 的比重;（２）由冬季的正压性高压向夏季的斜压性高压的季节演变中,南亚高压是在其斜压分量环流的引导下移动的,即其斜压分量环流的变化超前于其自身的变化;（３）由夏季的斜压性高压向冬季的正压性高压的季节演变则相反,南亚高压是在其正压分量环流的引导下移动的。     

Analysis of the simulated climatic characters of the South Asia High with a flexible coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM

The ability of a climate model to reproduce the climatic characters of the South Asia High （SAH） is assessed by analyzing the 110-yr output of a Flexible Coupled GCM, version 0 （FGCM-0）. Comparing the results of FGCM-0 with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the major findings show that FGCM-0 has better results in simulation of the geopotential height field at 100 hPa, and reproduces fairly the main atmospheric circulation centers. However, there are still some differences in the simulated results compared with the reanalysis data. The coupled model also successfully reproduces the mean seasonal variation of the SAH, that is, it moves from the Pacific Ocean to the Asian continent, remaining over the Tibetan Plateau from winter to summer, and then withdraws from the Tibetan Plateau to the Pacific Ocean from summer to winter. However, such observed relationships between the SAH positions and the summer precipitation patterns cannot be fairly reproduced in the FGCM-0.