Local Oceanic Vertical Deflection Determination with Gravity Data Along a Profile

Deflections of the vertical (DOVs) over oceans cannot be directly measured, which restricts their applications. A local covariance function of anomalous potential is put forward in this paper in conjunction with the least-squares collocation (LSC) method to compute the oceanic DOVs utilization of oceanic gravity data along a profile. The covariance functions of gravity field quantities have been derived directly as functions of x, y and z without the need to introduce coordinate transformations corresponding to along- or cross-profile components. In the proposed methodology, gravity data along a profile were used to calculate the residual gravity anomaly using the remove-compute-restore technique. The residual gravity anomaly was used to calculate the parameters of the proposed covariance function of the local anomalous gravity field, which was used in the LSC to compute the residual DOVs along the profile. The residual DOVs added model DOVs to recover the DOVs along the profile. The results of a simulation experiment prove that the proposed methodology is feasible and effective.     

隧道施工期超前地质预报实施方法研究

地质信息采集、超前预报与数据解译是隧道超前地质预报中的3个重要环节,首先讨论了超前开挖隧道的地质编录的工作方法,包括风险靶段分级、掌子面地质素描,进而绘制平面地质图,建立三维地质模型,计算不良地质体及含水体在相邻未开挖隧道的出露位置。在此基础上,详细讨论了仪器配合的关键问题,并开发了隧道超前地质预报自动选择程序,可以帮助操作员从中选择不同岩性地区、不同构造发育特点、不同地下水文条件下需要选择的预报方法,并建议了特殊地段的预报方法选择,最后结合工程实例讨论了几种常用的预报方法的数据解译过程中应注意的问题及典型不良地质体的判据。其结果对于隧道超前地质预报工作具有一定的借鉴与指导意义     

岩土体渗流自由面问题的重心插值无网格方法

岩土体的渗透破坏、地下工程的防渗设计等无不与渗流计算有关。针对渗流自由面问题,提出一种重心拉格朗日插值的配点型无网格方法。由于渗流自由面问题的求解区域是不规则区域,该方法通过将不规则求解区域嵌入一个正则矩形区域,在正则区域上采用重心拉格朗日插值近似未知函数,利用配点法离散渗流问题的控制方程,将重心拉格朗日插值的微分矩阵离散成代数方程表达的矩阵形式。将自由面上的边界条件通过重心拉格朗日插值离散,通过置换方程法和附加方程法施加边界条件,利用正则区域上的重心插值配点法,通过迭代确定最终自由面的位置。数值算例表明所提出的无网格方法对于求解渗流自由面问题的正确性和高精度。     

地壳形变分析的抗差最小二乘配置迭代解法

利用最小二乘配置进行地壳形变分析,其结果的合理性关键在于经验协方差函数的拟合.考虑到观测数据存在粗差的情况,提出基于观测值中位数初值的抗差最小二乘配置方法和基于中位参数法的抗差最小二乘配置方法.两种方法首先分别利用观测值中位数给出观测值初始权阵以及利用中位参数法给出最小二乘配置初始解,然后均在给定协方差函数参数初始值的情况下,应用合适的等价权进行抗差估计并通过迭代计算,最终获得稳健的协方差函数参数估值及最小二乘配置解.利用本文提出的两种方法以及传统方法分别对庐山地震的GPS垂直位移数据和意大利L'Aquila地震的InSAR同震位移数据进行处理分析.结果表明：相对传统方法,基于观测值中位数初值的抗差最小二乘配置方法效果更好,更具稳健性.

     

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平差系统模型误差补偿的配置法

利用大地测量数据分析地壳形变所建立的平差系统，不可避免地存在模型误差。给出了估计模型偏差的带权均方误差公式，提出了模型误差的识别、先验协方差的确定以及用最小二乘配置法对平差系统模型误差的补偿方法。     

Mapping and initial dilution estimation of an ocean outfall plume using an autonomous underwater vehicle

A monitoring mission to study the shape and estimate initial dilution of the S. Jacinto outfall plume using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) was performed on July 30, 2002. In order to reduce the uncertainty about plume location and to concentrate the vehicle mission only in the hydrodynamic mixing zone, outputs of a near-field prediction model, based on effective real-time in situ measurements of current speed and direction and density stratification, were opportunistically used to specify in real time the mission transects. The surface characteristics of the outfall plume were found to be influenced strongly by the relatively weak stratification and low current velocities. Dilution was estimated using a temperature–salinity (TS-) diagram with initial mixing lines between wastewater and ambient waters. Effluent dilutions were at least 30:1 in this study. In order to efficiently map the plume dispersion we applied the least-squares collocation method technique. Our results demonstrate that AUVs can provide high-quality measurements of physical properties of effluent plumes in a quite effective manner and valuable considerations about the initial mixing processes under real oceanic conditions can be further investigated.     

卫星重力梯度向下延拓的频域最小二乘配置法

本文深入研究频域最小二乘配置法的基本原理及其在求解卫星重力梯度向下延拓问题中的应用。与一般空域最小二乘配置法相比，该方法具有高效稳定的特点，特别适合于大规模重力场数据处理，并为利用卫星重力梯度数据精化局部重力场提供了可供参考的方法。     

空间大地测量技术实测台站速度场精度分析

利用国际上3个著名的数据分析处理中心CSR、JPL和GSFC给出的3种空间大地测量技术实测的台站运动速度场数据,解算不同空间技术速度场之间的转换参数,即速度场之间的系统差。在扣除两两技术之间速度场的系统差后,用速度场残差计算了空间技术速度场之间的不符值加权中误差作为衡量不同空间技术实测台站速度场的外部检核指标,即外符精度。计算结果表明,VLBI和GPS实测台站地心速度已经达到1 mm/a的精度;SLR实测台站地心速度已经达到2 mm/a的精度。     

确定大地水准面的Tikhonov最小二乘配置法

LSC法（最小二乘配置法）因能融合不同种类重力观测数据确定大地水准面的特性而受到广泛关注,但由于协方差矩阵存在病态性,微小的观测误差将被协方差矩阵的小奇异值放大,导致计算的配置结果不稳定且精度偏低。本文提出Tikhonov_LSC法,即在LSC法中引入Tikhonov正则化算法,基于GCV法选择协方差矩阵的正则化参数,利用正则化参数修正协方差矩阵的小奇异值,以抑制其对观测误差的放大影响。基于Tikhonov_LSC法计算大地水准面,能有效提高其稳定性和精度。通过以EGM2008重力场模型分别计算山区、丘陵和海域重力异常作为基础数据确定相应区域大地水准面的实验,验证了该方法的有效性。