北京市基础测绘技术规程的探讨

分析了规程与现行相关法律、法规和标准的关系,探讨了北京市基础测绘技术规程的内容,介绍了其创新点和应用情况。通过分析介绍,该地方标准统一了北京市基础测绘的技术标准,规范了基础测绘成果,有利于实现测绘信息资源的共享和有效利用。     

Carbonyl products of the gas phase reaction of ozone with 1,1-disubstituted alkenes

Carbonyl products have been identified and their formation yields measured in experiments involving the gas phase reaction of ozone with 1,1-disubstituted alkenes at ambient T and p=1 atm. of air. Sufficient cyclohexane was added to scavenge the hydroxyl radical in order to minimize OH-alkene and OH-carbonyl reactions. Formation yields (carbonyl formed/ozone reacted) of primary carbonyls were close to the value of 1.0 that is consistent with the mechanism: O₃+R₁R₂C=CH₂ (HCHO+R₁R₂COO)+(1–)(R₁COR₂+H₂COO) where formaldehyde and the ketone R₁ COR₂ are the primary carbonyls and R₁R₂COO and H₂COO are the corresponding biradicals. Measured values of were 0.58–0.82 and indicate modest preferential formation of formaldehyde and the disubstituted biradical as compared to the ketone and the biradical H₂COO. Carbonyls other than the primary carbonyls were identified. Their formation is discussed in terms of subsequent reactions of the disubstituted biradicals R₁R₂COO. Similarities and differences between disubstituted and monosubstituted biradicals are outlined.     

Alpine medicinal plant trade and Himalayan mountain livelihood strategies

Commercial alpine medicinal plants are collected from the wild by local rural households throughout the Himalaya and sold in order to increase household incomes. Recent studies indicate that this annual trade amounts to thousands of tonnes of roots, rhizomes, tubers, leaves, etc., worth millions of US dollars. The main market is in India. Based on a national survey, including the most commonly traded species, and a village study this paper investigates the importance of the alpine medicinal plant trade at national and local levels in Nepal. The national survey included standardized open-ended interviews with 232 harvesters, 64 local traders, 66 central wholesalers, 47 regional wholesalers, and 16 production companies. The village survey is based on the daily records of household activities in 15 households in a one-year period. The annual Nepalese alpine and sub-alpine medicinal plant trade is conservatively estimated to vary from 480 to 2500 t with a total harvester value of US$0.8–3.3 million; the average harvester value is estimated at US$66.0 ± 99.0. The trade in 1997/98 amounted to 1600 t with a harvester value of US$2.3 million and an export value equivalent to 2.5% of total export from Nepal. Medicinal plant harvesting was found to constitute an integrated part of local livelihood strategies, contributing from 3 to 44% (average of 12%) of the annual household income. Importance at household level depended on land and animal holdings, and the availability of adult male labour. The validity and reliability of methods and analyses is evaluated, and issues of conservation and management of alpine medicinal plant species under the community forestry scheme are discussed.     

高岭土深加工产品开发

当前世界上煅烧高岭土产品已瞄准高档化、专用化、精细化和功能化，深加工系列产品已应用于高档汽车、船舶、乳胶、颜料、化工、造纸、涂料等方面。内蒙古自治区有丰富的高岭土资源，我们应依托优势资源，尽快掌握高新技术，开发高岭土系列产品，争取在较短的时间内在国内外激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地，为自治区的经济繁荣起到积极的推动作用。     

Detecting Arctic snow and ice cover with FY-1D global data

Chinese meteorological satellite FY-1D can obtain global data from four spectral channels which include visible channel(0.58-0.68 μm) and infrared channels(0.84-0.89 μm,10.3-11.3 μm,11.5-12.5 μm).2366 snow and ice samples,2024 cloud samples,1602 land samples and 1648 water samples were selected randomly from Arctic imageries.Land and water can be detected by spectral features.Snow-ice and cloud can be classified by textural features.The classifier is Bayes classifier.By synthesizing five d ays classifying result of Arctic snow and ice cover area,complete Arctic snow and ice cover area can be obtained.The result agrees with NOAA/NESDIS IMS products up to 70%.     

"4D"数据在生态环境监测与评价中的应用

本文在阐述由DLG、DRG、DEM和DOM组成的4D产品的信息特征的基础上,深入分析了"4D"数据在生态环境监测与评价中的功能,包括生态环境的快速动态监测、三维生态景观的直观分析和表达、DLM与DCM相结合的生态模拟、多时空尺度的生态环境分析与评价等.并以云南省生态环境监测与评价为例,研究了其在生态环境监测与评价中的技术流程,并通过案例分析,生成了系列生态环境地图.     

闽西一次冰雹过程的雷达产品分析

以闽西一次典型冰雹过程为例，对这次冰雹过程的雷达基本反射率和基本速度特征进行了定性分析，对回波强度、回波顶高、强回波核高度、垂直积分液态含水量和多普勒速度等进行了定量分析。通过分析发现了一些冰雹雷达产品的重要指标和判据，这些结论在龙岩市日常的天气预报业务工作中对判断是否为冰雹回波和降雹时段、地点有很好的作用。     

海洋生态产品价值实现的参与主体演化博弈分析

海洋生态产品价值实现对推进海洋生态文明建设与海洋经济高质量发展具有重要意义。目前,海洋生态产品价值实现存在市场化程度不高、公众参与度低、实现不充分等问题。本文通过构建海洋生态产品价值实现参与主体（企业、政府和社会公众）的演化博弈模型,探究各方主体的策略稳定性规律,探讨三方博弈系统的均衡点及其稳定性,并运用Matlab仿真分析不同参数变化对系统演化的影响,最后依据博弈分析结果为探索“政府＋市场”的海洋生态产品价值实现路径提供对策建议。结果表明,政府是海洋生态产品价值实现的引导者与推动者,管控成本和社会收益是影响其策略选择的主要因素,加强政府的奖惩力度、增加企业提供海洋生态产品的潜在收益、降低供给成本对企业参与海洋生态产品价值实现具有正向作用,社会公众购买海洋生态产品所获效用的提升与监督成本的减少有利于促进社会公众参与海洋生态产品价值实现。     

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)M3菌株生长条件及其对蛋白酶产量的影响

采用体外测定细菌浓度、胞外产物(ECP)蛋白含量和蛋白酶活力的方法，进行了鳗弧菌M3菌株在2216E培养基中的培养条件研究。结果表明，该菌株用固体培养基培养至24h左右，可得到较高的菌体浓度、ECP蛋白含量和蛋白酶活力。采用响应面分析方法设计实验，用SAS统计软件分析数据，得到NaCl浓度、pH值和温度对菌体生长及蛋白酶产量影响的回归模型。在2216E培养基的基础上，添加不同氮源、碳源物质以及不同浓度蛋白胨进行生长研究。结果表明，胰大豆蛋白胨能促进菌体生长及ECP蛋白分泌；NH4Cl与酪蛋白水解物可抑制蛋白酶的产生；牙鲆肌肉匀浆对菌体、ECP蛋白产量和蛋白酶产生有不同程度的促进作用；培养基中蛋白胨浓度为4％时菌体量与ECP蛋白含量达最高值，在蛋白胨浓度为2％时蛋白酶分泌量已稳定；1％的葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘油均能显著地提高菌体及ECP蛋白产量，却抑制了蛋白酶的产生。     

基于DEMATEL-ISM模型的海洋生态产品价值实现影响因素研究

海洋生态产品价值实现作为一项系统性、复杂性战略工程,尚处于实践初期阶段,明确其关键影响因素,对于建立健全海洋生态产品价值实现机制具有重要意义。文章在厘清海洋生态产品价值实现机理与影响因素的基础上,构建海洋生态产品价值实现影响因素指标体系,运用DEMATEL-ISM方法建模分析各因素的相互影响程度、因果性质以及影响因素多层递阶结构,并采用MICMAC方法划分各影响因素属性,进而依据建模结果提出推进海洋生态产品价值实现的综合性建议。结果表明,海洋生态产品价值认知、资本投入、生态产业化、消费意愿、市场交易平台构建、激励机制与政策支持、利益相关者参与度与生态保护补偿机制是关键因素;海洋生态产品价值实现影响因素的多层递阶结构为4个层级,其中海洋生态产品价值认知与生态保护补偿机制作为独立因素位于最深层L4,市场交易平台构建作为依赖因素位于中心层L2。