珍珠加工前处理研究

研究了珍珠加工中前处理方法、作用和效果．在前处理过程中，珍珠内有荧光物质、长碳链饱和脂肪酸（脂）等物溶出。珍珠的颜色不同、前处理工艺方法不同．溶出物质也不同．经过前处理，珍珠的光泽明显增加；漂白速度有所加快。可通过测溶液折射率变化的方法来比较前处理工艺中有机溶剂的处理效果。     

世界大都会区城际轨道交通的发展规律

通过选取世界255 个大都会区城际轨道交通样本,对城际轨道交通的发展历程、空间分布和网络特征进行了规律性总结;在此基础上,进一步分析城际轨道交通规模与大都会区人口、用地、经济规模之间的相关关系,构建多个回归模型;最后,应用于珠江三角洲区域,对其城际轨道交通的规模和布局进行预测。模型显示,世界大都会区城际轨道交通的规模与经济的相关程度最高,其次是人口和用地,而人均城际轨道规模与人均GDP和人口密度呈指数相关,其中,与人均GDP正相关,与人口密度负相关。应用模型得到,珠三角城际轨道交通的规划规模超前于现有经济发展水平,但低于人口发展水平。近期应重点建设广州、佛山、深圳、东莞4 个城市重要节点的城际轨道交通,构建广佛和广深两条走廊,并联系珠海、中山、肇庆、惠州、江门的中心城区,形成以广州为中心的放射状布局;远期则需要进一步加大广州、深圳、佛山、东莞、珠海、中山的线网密度,扩大线网的覆盖范围,并对外围的肇庆、惠州和江门适当增加联系的节点,最终形成网络状布局。     

Thermal infrared imaging of the temporal variability in stomatal conductance for fruit trees

Repeated measurements using thermal infrared remote sensing were used to characterize the change in canopy temperature over time and factors that influenced this change on ‘Conference’ pear trees (Pyrus communis L.). Three different types of sensors were used, a leaf porometer to measure leaf stomatal conductance, a thermal infrared camera to measure the canopy temperature and a meteorological sensor to measure weather variables. Stomatal conductance of water stressed pear was significantly lower than in the control group 9 days after stress began. This decrease in stomatal conductance reduced transpiration, reducing evaporative cooling that increased canopy temperature. Using thermal infrared imaging with wavelengths between 7.5 and13 μm, the first significant difference was measured 18 days after stress began. A second order derivative described the average rate of change of the difference between the stress treatment and control group. The average rate of change for stomatal conductance was 0.06 (mmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and for canopy temperature was −0.04 (°C) with respect to days. Thermal infrared remote sensing and data analysis presented in this study demonstrated that the differences in canopy temperatures between the water stress and control treatment due to stomata regulation can be validated.     

Seasonality of diel cycles of dissolved trace-metal concentrations in a Rocky Mountain stream

Substantial diel (24-h) cycles in dissolved (0.1-m filtration) metal concentrations were observed during summer low flow, winter low flow, and snowmelt runoff in Prickly Pear Creek, Montana. During seven diel sampling episodes lasting 34–61.5 h, dissolved Mn and Zn concentrations increased from afternoon minimum values to maximum values shortly after sunrise. Dissolved As concentrations exhibited the inverse timing. The magnitude of diel concentration increases varied in the range 17–152% for Mn and 70–500% for Zn. Diel increases of As concentrations (17–55%) were less variable. The timing of minimum and maximum values of diel streamflow cycles was inconsistent among sampling episodes and had little relation to the timing of metal concentration cycles, suggesting that geochemical rather than hydrological processes are the primary control of diel metal cycles. Diel cycles of dissolved metal concentrations should be assumed to occur at any time of year in any stream with dissolved metals and neutral to alkaline pH.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.     

土壤水分调控对酥梨品质的影响

以45年生酥梨树为试材,分析测定塑料薄膜覆盖、树盘覆草、自然生草、定期灌水、清耕等不同土壤水分管理措施对土壤水分和酥梨品质的影响,结果表明:不同处理间以塑料薄膜覆盖处理效果最好,不但果个较大,果实的固酸比值和产量也较高;树盘覆草次之,且具有土壤水分变化幅度较小和省工、省时等优点。     

阳信黄冠梨种植气候条件分析

利用阳信县历史气象资料,对比阳信县气候条件与黄冠梨生长所需条件,统计分析种植黄冠梨有利和不利的气候条件,结果证明：阳信县气候条件适宜种植黄冠梨,对引进培育名优品种具有一定的指导意义。     

珠江广州河段纵向离散特性研究

根据珠江广州河段多年观测的流速分布资料和1987年、1988年两次大规模水文水质同步观测资料,利用非恒定流离散理论,对珠江广州河段的离散特性进行了分析,给出了纵向离散系数的瞬时值、潮平均值和等效值。     

专家分类器在京白梨气候区划中的应用

根据气候和地形等因子,采用专家分类器方法对北京市的京白梨种植区进行了农业气候区划。结果表明:平谷、密云、怀柔、昌平、门头沟和房山的浅山区为京白梨的适宜种植区。与其他的区划方法相比,专家分类器方法在农业气候区划中具有较突出的先进性和实用性,它能充分地将专家的知识、经验和科研成果应用到农业气候区划中,从而得到较客观和全面的区划结果。     

华南地区网格化在路机动车污染排放量估算与分析

在机动车数据的基础上,利用SMOKE模式估算了华南地区在路机动车污染物排放量,得到了用于空气质量数值模拟的网格化机动车排放源数据。估算结果显示机动车排放源主要分布在珠江三角洲和华南沿海地区,其中珠江三角洲排放量最大,且在深圳香港、广州、珠海澳门三个中心城市区分别出现了三个机动车排放中心,这三个中心与区域经济发达程度有较好的对应。分析还表明,快速增长的摩托车和小汽车数量对机动车排放总量的影响很大,是造成华南城市空气质量恶化的重要因素。     

基于逐步回归的库尔勒香梨始花期预测模型

根据1981-2011年库尔勒市气象局香梨始花期物候观测资料和同期地面观测资料,分析近31a香梨始花期变化趋势及与气候因子的相关性,确定关键影响因子,建立香梨始花期预测模型.结果表明,31a来,库尔勒香梨始花期有明显的提前趋势;香梨始花期与始花前期气温、≥5 ℃积温、≥10℃活动积温、不同深度地温以及日照时数呈负相关或显著负相关.利用逐步回归分析法建立了香梨始花期的预测模型,通过检验模型效果良好.此结果可为香梨始花期预报提供参考.