祁连山海北高寒湿地微气象日变化特征

利用2004年的观测资料分析了青海海北高寒湿地微气象要素的日变化特征,结果表明,辐射、热量平衡各分量日平均变化中,瞬时最高值出现在中午,最低在早晨。地面长波有效辐射日最高出现在中午,日最低出现在下午。地面反射率表现出早晚高白天低的"U"型分布状况,1月日最低达0.68,而7月日最低仅为0.12。动量通量、垂直风速、水平风速、摩擦速度等均在下午大,夜间到清晨小。垂直风速除10月全天为上升运动外,其他月份夜间还出现下沉运动,而且冬季明显。海北高寒湿地夏季热强明显,冷季热强减弱。因湿地长久积水,地温日变化平稳,40 cm地温<0℃的维持时间不到2个月,60 cm地温全年均>0℃,即季节冻结层浅薄。     

祁连山海北高寒湿地微气象季节变化特征

对青海海北高寒湿地2004年的微气象观测资料分析表明:海北高寒湿地地—气长短波辐射、地表反射率、能量通量各分量、动量通量、气温、地温、风速、CO2交换量等季节变化明显。因受湿地下垫面性质影响,地表反射率在1~2月明显大于其他季节,7~10月小,表现出冬季高夏季低的"U"型变化特征。地面长波有效辐射无明显季节变化。分析还表明,海北高寒湿地夏季及春、秋季均为明显的热源,而在寒冷的冬季出现一定的"冷源"效应。海北高寒湿地地—气间CO2交换量季节变化明显,年内4月和10月分别存在两个CO2释放高峰期,夏季的7~8月为一个强吸收期。     

Field evaluation of some sand transport models

Fluorescent tracer procedures, originally developed for research on fluvial sediment movement, were used to monitor the movement of three commercially purchased sands in a natural dune environment. Results were compared with estimates of transport rates from three theoretical models. Estimates from models by Bagnold (1941) and Hsu (1971) were larger by as much as one order of magnitude than the rates observed in the tracer study. The model of A. A. Kadib (1965) provided closer correspondence to observed transport rates for medium sand (mean diam. 0.653 mm) but underestimated rates for coarse sand (mean diam. 0.992 mm).