加拿大老年人口状况及发展态势

采用加拿大2006年人口普查资料,结合旅居加国的经历,统计分析了加拿大老年人口的发展趋势和现状.分析显示:加拿大老年人口前期(1921-1981年)增长慢,后期(2001—2006年)增长快,老年人口数量中,女性比男性多,寿命比男性长,老年人口分布集中在安大略省;人口老龄化发展过程给社会带来了一系列问题,老龄化使政府和企业的养老负担日益加重,瞻养率大幅度下降,政府每年支付养老金及医疗费用的数量增加,导致劳动力市场压力增大,劳动资源不足.文中还介绍了人口专家为解决加国人口老龄化问题所提出的建议和对策,以及加拿大政府在老年人口养老与医疗方面的一些做法,认为值得中国借鉴.     

Diverging forest land use dynamics induced by armed conflict across the tropics

Armed conflicts trigger region-specific mechanisms that affect land use change. Deforestation is presented as one of the most common negative environmental impacts resulting from armed conflicts, with relevant consequences in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and loss of ecosystem services. However, the impact of armed conflict on forests is complex and may simultaneously lead to positive and negative environmental outcomes, i.e. forest regrowth and deforestation, in different regions even within a country. We investigate the impact that armed conflict exerted over forest dynamics at different spatial scales in Colombia and for the global tropics during the period 1992–2015. Through the analysis of its internally displaced population (departures) our results suggest that, albeit finding forest regrowth in some municipalities, the Colombian conflict predominantly exerted a negative impact on its forests. A further examination of georeferenced fighting locations in Colombia and across the globe shows that conflict areas were 8 and 4 times more likely to undergo deforestation, respectively, in the following years in relation to average deforestation rates. This study represents a municipality level, long-term spatial analysis of the diverging effects the Colombian conflict exerted over its forest dynamics over two distinct periods of increasing and decreasing conflict intensity. Moreover, it presents the first quantified estimate of conflict's negative impact on forest ecosystems across the globe. The relationship between armed conflict and land use change is of global relevance given the recent increase of armed conflicts across the world and the importance of a possible exacerbation of armed conflicts and migration as climate change impacts increase.     

Lightning and special peat bog phenomena on Andøya,northern Norway

In 1982 a c.5 m² slab of peat, c.25 cm thick, was discovered on a peat bog on the island of Andøya in northern Norway. The peat slab, which weighed c.1 ton, was found 4 m to 5 m from a hole having precisely the same shape. Investigations on Andøya to date have provided information on six quite similar phenomena with slab weights varying between 100 kg and 4 tons. Outside Andøya, five similar phenomena have been recorded in Norway, and pieces of earth displaced from their original locations have been reported in Britain, Germany and the United States. Lightning is hypothesized to have caused these phenomena.     

论知识经济与高校人才培养

简要介绍了知识经济及其特征 ,论述我国高等教育面临挑战的基础上 ,对我国高等教育如何迎接知识经济的挑战 ,培养高素质人才提出了自己的看法     

浅析传统人事管理转向现代人力资源管理

传统人事管理向现代人力资源管理转变 ,从人力资源规划、开发到人力资源的流动管理 ,是一项现代化的系统工程 ,它需要在实践中不断完善、不断改进     

Why climate migration is not managed retreat: Six justifications

This perspective piece makes a case for a more rigorous treatment of managed retreat as a politically, legally, and economically distinct type of relocation that is separate from climate migration. We argue that the use of both concepts interchangeably obfuscates the problems around climate-induced mobilities and contributes to the inconsistencies in policy, plans, and actions taken by governments and organizations tasked with addressing them. This call for a disentanglement is not solely an academic exercise aimed at conceptual clarity, but an effort targeted at incentivizing researchers, practitioners, journalists, and advocates working on both issues to better serve their constituencies through alliance formation, resource mobilization, and the establishment of institutional pathways to climate justice. We offer a critical understanding of the distinctions between climate migration and managed retreat grounded in six orienting propositions. They include differential: causal mechanisms, legal protections, rights regimes and funding structures, discursive effects, implications for land use, and exposure to risks. We provide empirical examples from existing literature to contextualize our propositions while calling for a transformative justice approach to addressing both issues.     

失散人员时空信息模糊匹配模型

失散人员时空信息数量多、失散信息地点的收集和查询较复杂,现有的网络寻亲平台虽具有信息采集快,应用普及范围广的特点,但对于失散人员的信息管理较分散,缺乏结合时间范畴和空间范畴的分析。本文在失散人员属性信息查询的基础上,针对失散信息的不准确性和模糊性,对不同失踪年龄段人员进行记忆模糊度分析,并结合汉语言分区以及模糊时空范围设置阈值和权重,建立失散人员时空信息模糊匹配模型。该模型根据失散孩子姓名、性别、血型、出生时间、失踪时间、失踪地点、方言口音及失踪年龄段的模糊特征等影响因子,综合计算出失散人员之间的信息匹配指数;并利用时间地理学方法设计了模型的时空修正方法,对匹配结果的时空可达范围是否存在交集进行了检验。案例数据验证结果表明,该模型能综合考虑已知的失散人员匹配指标项,可筛选出匹配程度较高的信息。     

中国失踪人口的时空格局演变与形成机制

人口失踪作为一种复杂的社会问题,给家庭和社会造成了严重危害.在尊重生命与保障人权的现实背景下,对失踪人口开展深入研究具有重要意义.利用"中国儿童失踪预警平台(CCSER)"数据,综合运用文本分析、数理统计、空间分析等方法,管窥了2015-2019年中国失踪人口的基本特征、时空格局演变与形成机制.结果表明:①失踪人口中男...     

轨道站点周边建成环境对残疾人出行行为的影响研究——以武汉市189个轨道站点为例

残疾人流动性是衡量社会公平发展的重要方面。由于特殊的身体和社会经济状况,残疾人出行行为具有更为独特的特征,也更易受建成环境影响。论文基于武汉市轨道交通智能刷卡数据,整合多源空间大数据,探索武汉市残疾人轨道交通出行时空特征,并利用地理加权回归(GWR)模型进一步探究轨道交通站点周边建成环境对轨道交通残疾人客流量影响的空间异质性。研究发现：① 地铁出行的残疾人中有29.7%具有通勤出行的特征,出行频率工作日高于休息日,且均呈现早晚错峰出行的趋势;② 15~30 min即大约5~10 km的中短距离出行最多,活动范围集中于三环线以内的主城区,且以同区出行活动最为频繁,跨江出行较少;③ 在大部分的研究范围内,公交站点密度、路网密度、大型公园密度和站点开通时间对站点残疾人客流量均具有正向影响;④ 换乘站的日均残疾人客流量明显高于非换乘站;⑤ 与以往研究结论不同的是,土地利用混合度、站点无障碍设施对站点残疾人客流量的影响并不显著。研究可为“残疾人友好型”的轨道交通站点建成环境优化和新站点土地利用布局提供数据支撑,增强城市公共服务人本化。     

多波段高分辨率星载合成孔径雷达成像处理方法研究

星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）是一种工作在微波波段的主动式遥感器,它综合运用合成孔径技术、脉冲压缩技术和数据处理技术,采用较短的天线就能够获得方位和距离两个方向的高分辨率雷达图像。研制星载SAR系统的目的是获得具有一定测绘带宽和一定分辨率的地面目标图像,传统SAR模式不能同时满足高分辨率及较宽测绘带的要求。本文主要研究了多...