Parallelization Load Balance Strategy for a Global Grid-Point Model

The Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System (GRAPES) is a new-generation operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) model developed by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA).It is a grid-point model with a code structure different from that of spectral models used in other operational NWP centers such as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF),National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP),and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA),especially in the context of p...     

NICMOS images of JVAS/CLASS gravitational lens systems

We present Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) infrared images of four gravitational lens systems from the JVAS/CLASS gravitational lens survey and compare the new infrared HST pictures with previously published WFPC2 HST optical images and radio maps. Apart from the wealth of information that we get from the flux ratios and accurate positions and separations of the components of the lens systems, which we can use as inputs for better constraints on the lens models, we are able to discriminate between reddening and optical/radio microlensing as the possible cause of differences observed in the flux ratios of the components across the three wavelength bands. Substantial reddening has been known to be present in the lens system B1600+434 and has been further confirmed by the present infrared data. In the two systems B0712+472 and B1030+074 microlensing has been pinpointed as the main cause of the flux ratio discrepancy both in the optical/infrared and in the radio, the radio possibly caused by the substructure revealed in the lensing galaxies. In B0218+357, however, the results are still not conclusive. If we are actually seeing the two 'true' components of the lens system then the flux ratio differences are attributed to a combination of microlensing and reddening or are alternatively the result of some variability in at least one of the images. Otherwise the second 'true' component of B0218+357 may be completely absorbed by a molecular cloud and the anomalous flux density ratios and large difference in separation between the optical/infrared and radio that we see can be explained by emission either from a foreground object or from part of the lensing galaxy.     

沙漠人工植被区蒸腾测定

利用表面覆盖油毡的大型非称重式蒸渗池和LI1600气孔计测定油蒿(Artemisiaordosica)和柠条(Caraganakorshinskii)的蒸腾,比较了两种测定方法是否存在差异。结果表明蒸渗池表面自油毡覆盖至试验结束,油蒿、柠条和流沙处理0~150cm土层土壤含水量都增加,尤其流沙处理土壤含水量上升最明显;油蒿与柠条的冠幅、新梢长和叶面积指数均增加;由于中子仪探测不到蒸渗池底部40cm厚的砾石层的水分,导致了对照流沙处理测定结果不合常规。测定日期不同,LI1600气孔计测定的蒸腾速率的变化趋势和值也不同,但油蒿和柠条的变化步调是一致的,油蒿的蒸腾速率普遍高于柠条的;用多项式拟合得到蒸腾速率日变化曲线均达到显著水平(P < 0.05)。通过单位换算统一和尺度转换,蒸渗池和LI1600气孔计测定结果进行方差分析,表明物种间(油蒿和柠条)差异达显著水平(P < 0.05),测定方法间(蒸渗池和LI1600气孔计)差异不显著;从而说明本研究以叶面积指数和植物冠层盖度为基础,进行叶片水平与种群水平间的尺度转换是可行的。     

Dynamics of the boxy elliptical galaxy NGC 1600

We use three-integral models to infer the distribution function (DF) of the boxy E3–E4 galaxy NGC 1600 from surface brightness and line-profile data on the minor and major axes. We assume axisymmetry and that the mass-to-light ratio is constant in the central ∼1 R _e. Stars in the resulting gravitational potential move mainly on regular orbits. We use an approximate third integral K from perturbation theory and write the DF as a sum of basis functions in the three integrals E , L _z and K . We then fit the projected moments of these basis functions to the kinematic observables and deprojected density, using a non-parametric algorithm. The deduced dynamical structure is radially anisotropic, with σ _θ σ _r ≈ σ _φ σ _r ≈0.7 on the major axis. Both on the minor axis and near the centre the velocity distribution is more isotropic; thus the model is flattened by equatorial radial orbits. The kinematic data are fitted without the need for a central black hole; the central mass determined previously from ground-based data therefore overestimates the actual black-hole mass. The mass-to-light ratio of the stars is M L _V =6  h ₅₀. The anisotropy structure of NGC 1600 with a radially anisotropic main body and more nearly isotropic centre is similar to that found recently in NGC 1399, 2434, 3379 and 6703, suggesting that this pattern may be common amongst massive elliptical galaxies. We discuss a possible merger origin of NGC 1600 in the light of these results.     

High-precision timing of PSR J1600−3053

We present the results of a high-precision timing campaign directed at the binary millisecond pulsar J1600−3053. Submicrosecond pulsar timing has long been the domain of bright, low dispersion measure millisecond pulsars or large diameter telescopes. This experiment, conducted using the Parkes radio telescope in New South Wales, Australia, and utilizing the latest baseband recording hardware, has allowed this pulsar, although distant and faint, to present residuals to a model of its spin behaviour of 650 ns over a period of more than 2 yr. We have also constrained the orbital inclination via Shapiro delay to be between 59° and 70° to 95 per cent confidence and obtained a scintillation velocity measurement indicating a transverse velocity less than 84 km s⁻¹. This pulsar is demonstrating remarkable stability comparable to, and in most cases improving upon, the very best long-term pulsar timing experiments. If this stability is maintained, the current limits on the energy density of the stochastic gravitational wave background will be reached in four more years.