夏季青藏高原加热和北半球环流年际变化的相关分析

利用 195 8～ 1997年NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集中加热率和环流资料 ,采用相关分析和对比分析相结合的方法 ,诊断和分析了夏季青藏高原的非绝热加热与北半球环流系统的年际变化的联系。分析结果表明 :夏季青藏高原的加热强 (弱 )的年份 ,高原及邻近地区的上升运动、下层辐合及上层辐散均增强 (减弱 ) ,使高原加热对周边地区低层暖湿空气的抽吸效应和对高层大气向周边地区的排放作用加强 (减弱 )。从而影响着高原和周边地区的环流以及亚洲季风区大尺度环流系统。而且高原的加热强迫能够激发产生一支沿亚欧大陆东部海岸向东北方向传播的Rossby波列 ,其频散效应可影响到更远的东太平洋以至北美地区的大气环流     

反扩散格式在二维锋生数值模拟中的应用

把无粘流中能成功捕捉接触间断的反扩散差分格式，用在了准地转二维理想锋生的数值模拟中，并将计算结果与Cullen的计算结果和半地转方程的精确解进行了比较。用反扩散格式模拟的锋面较Cullen的结果更加显，而且更接近半地转方程的精确解。     

热力强迫对越赤道气流产生和维持的作用——定性分析

从原始方程出发，应用大气运动的对称反对称性理论，就赤道地区一呈偶极子分布的反对称冷热源对越赤道气流的形成和维持作用进行了定性分析。结果表明，非绝热加热的反对称分布对越赤道气流的影响是通过诱发和维持反对称的气压场分量来实现的。即在热源上空低层形成低压，高层形成高压；在热汇上空形成相反的气压场。这样，在赤道上空高、低层就将形成与相应气压梯度方向一致的越赤道气流     

澳大利亚东南部持续性降水的成因

利用热带天气图，日本ＧＭＳ卫星云图，ＥＣＭＷＦ格点风场资料，对澳大利亚东南部持续性降水的两类主要天气过程，热带云涌－冷锋尾流气旋锋生过程和阻塞反气旋北侧回流降水过程进行了分析，从云型演变，环流形热，热带流场等方面揭示了澳大利亚东南部持续性降水天气过程的基本特征、为业务预报提供参考。     

EFFECTS OF TROPOPAUSE AND POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANOMALY ON FRONTOGENESIS*

A two-dimensional,semi-geostrophic numerical model incorporating the tropopause and stratosphere is used to investigate the effects of a positive potential vorticity anomaly and latent heat release on the frontogenetic process and the structure of the resulting frontal zone.It is demonstrated that(1) the inclusion of tropopause and stratosphere significantly changes the frontal structure only in the upper levels;(2) a clearly defined quasi-equivalent barotropic structure and a region of upward motion of finite width appear when a positive potential vorticity anomaly exists on the warm side of the maximum baroclinity in the lower troposphere,especially when it is located on the south edge of the baroclinic zone;(3) the above mentioned structure deteriorates as the frontogenesis proceeds in a dry atmosphere but can be maintained in a moist frontogenetic process with condensational heating;(4) the combination of a positive potential vorticity anomaly and the latent heat release is able to accelerate the frontogenesis significantly with the time needed to form an intense frontal zone reduced to less than 15 h.The results have significant theoretical importance in understanding the complex nature of frontal structure and frontogenesis,especially in understanding the dynamic structure of the subtropical frontal zone observed during early summer over East Asia.     

The impact of deformation on vortex development in a baroclinic moist atmosphere

A mathematical relation between deformation and vertical vorticity tendency is built by introducing the frontogenesis function and the complete vertical vorticity equation, which is derived by virtue of moist potential vorticity. From the mathematical relation, it is shown that properly configured atmospheric conditions can make deformation exert a positive contribution to vortex development at rates comparable to other favorable factors. The effect of deformation on vortex development is not only related to the deformation itself, but also depends on the current thermodynamic and dynamic structures of the atmosphere, such as the convective stability, moist baroclinicity and vertical wind shear(or horizontal vorticity). A diagnostic study of a heavy-rainfall case that occurred during 20–22 July 2012 shows that deformation has the most remarkable effect on the increase in vertical vorticity during the rapid development stage of the low vortex during its whole life cycle. This feature is mainly due to the existence of an approximate neutral layer(about 700 h Pa) in the atmosphere where the convective stability tends to be zero. The neutral layer makes the effect of deformation on the vertical vorticity increase significantly during the vortex development stage, and thus drives the vertical vorticity to increase.     

台风Chanchu(0601)变性过程中的强度变化及环境场分析

利用非静力中尺度WRF模式模拟的台风Chanchu(0601)的输出资料,探讨了Chanchu减弱变性过程的强度及结构变化。分析结果表明:在台风Chanchu北移过程中,高层的暖心被破坏,强度快速减弱,眼壁对流发展高度降低,眼壁对流由对称结构演变为非对称,内核对流减弱。此减弱变性过程与惯性稳定度减小、垂直风切变增强、低层锋生等环境要素有关。惯性稳定度与台风强度变化一致,随着惯性稳定度降低,最大切向风减弱并不断外扩,Rossby变形半径增大从而潜热释放不集中难以维持台风强度,台风减弱;同时,内核区的高层暖心更易径向频散,从而高层暖心难以维持;环境的垂直风切变增强使台风的斜压性增强,台风垂直结构的倾斜度增大,对流发展高度降低;低层冷空气侵入台风中心趋于填塞,也利于台风强度减弱;台风登陆以后冷暖空气对比导致的锋生使得不稳定能量释放从而重新加强了Chanchu环流内的中低层对流活动,但较台风最强时刻而言对流强度减弱。总体减少的对流和降低的对流高度,导致潜热能释放减小,其向心输送也减少,不足以维持强暖心结构,最终使得台风减弱并变性。      

海南岛秋汛期特大暴雨局地锋生的特征及其对对流系统发展的影响

基于WRF模式的模拟结果,结合地面观测资料、雷达回波资料以及ECMWF ERA5再分析资料,对2010年10月1—8日发生在海南岛的一次持续性秋汛期特大暴雨过程中局地锋生与对流发展的相互作用机制进行了深入分析,发现：在海南岛秋汛期特大暴雨的锋生过程中,环境场起到主要作用。非绝热加热项F₁和水平运动项F₃在局地锋生的过程中贡献最大,且两者的正极大值区在强降水地区多时次重叠出现,表明非绝热加热和水平形变辐散是导致强降水区强烈锋生的主要原因。此外,模拟结果和实况观测对比分析发现,较低的凝结高度导致最强降水时段对流低层出现强潜热释放,对流区低层气团内部增暖,形成强烈锋生效应,低层强的锋生导致上升气流加速,深对流发展加强,暴雨增幅。与垂直运动有关的倾斜项F₂相比,非绝热加热项F₁和水平运动项F₃贡献虽小,但在夜间有增大的现象,分析表明夜间暴雨区垂直速度ω水平分布的差异性对深对流的加强有重要作用。     

INVESTIGATION ON GEOSTROPHIC ADJUSTMENT,FRONTOGENESIS AND OSCILLATIONS

Geostrophic adjustment and frontogenesis are examined by means of the 2-D ARPS model.The simulation shows that.without the large-scale forcing,both the frontogenesis and frontolysisare observed during the geostrophic adjustment process and the intensity of the front oscillates inthe case of no discontinuity.The convergence (divergence) induced by the secondary circulation isthe most important factor for frontogenesis (frontolysis) at the top and bottom boundaries.Theamplitude and period of oscillation are dependent on the initial atmospheric stratification and theCoriolis frequency,and they are related to the inertio-gravity wave.     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SYMMETRIC DISTURBANCE SUPERPOSED ON BAROCLINIC FRONTAL ZONE UNDER THE ACTION OF DEFORMATION FIELD*

The development of symmetric disturbance superposed on the background field of Hoskins-Bretherton (1972) frontogenesis model is investigated by means of WKBJ approach,It is found that the forcing of large-scale deformation,the frontal circulation and the spatial-temporal variations of stability parameters (F²,N²,M²) can bring about the development of symmetric disturbance,even though the frontal baroclinic flow is symmetric stable (F²N²-M²>0),The frontogenetical process of deformation confluence zone and the ascending branch of frontal circulation are in favor of the development of symmetric disturbance,The actions of ageostrophic shear in frontal zone and the variation of stability parameters are dependent on the structure of disturbance.