关于热带大气低频振荡的一个简单模式与数值模拟

本文首先从观测事实分析了热带大气的低频振荡现象，然后从理论上加以研究。为此，本文建立了一个包括触发热源和CISK机制的三维线性模式，用此模式讨论了热带大气低频振荡的性质、结构、传播和动力学机制。从模式的计算结果得到了周期为30d左右以大约9 m/s的速度向东传播的低频振荡现象，这种振荡为Kelvin波型的响应和向西传播的Rossby波型的响应的结合。计算还表明，这种振荡的周期与触发热源的周期关系不大，这说明了热带大气的低频振荡是大气自身的固有振荡，它是大尺度运动与对流凝结加热相互作用的结果。     

切变流中的CISK机制与惯性重力波

利用板对称，有切变的大气动力学方程组，由行波法导出非线性微分方程，通过非线性稳定性理论讨论方程的稳定性，求解了ＫＤＶ方程，并讨论了线性ＣＩＳＫ，非线性ＣＩＳＫ，惯性稳定度参数和大气风速垂切变对惯性重力孤波强度和宽度的影响，目的早通过了解影响惯性重力孤波发展的因子，更深入地理解低纬中尺度天气系统形成和发展的过程。     

CISK, EVAPORATION-WIND FEEDBACK MECHANISM AND 30-60 DAY OSCILLATIONS IN THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE*

A baroclinic semi-geostrophic model with evaporation-wind feedback mechanism(EWFM) and CISK is established,two non-dimensional parameters a and η are introduced to represent EWFM and CISK,respectively.Analytic solutions of the model system are obtained,dynamics analyses and the model atmosphere calculations further confirm that EWFM and CISK are very important physical processes in leading to the low-frequency oscillations in the tropics.     

长江流域特大暴雨云团生成的有利环境条件研究

综合分析我国长江流域20世纪80和90年代的几次特大暴雨实例发现,江淮切变线和"湿度锋"是长江流域特大暴雨发生发展的有利条件,但不是必要条件,高空的触发系统和低空的西南急流水汽输送才是必要的条件。在不同的高低空系统配置情况下,形成特大暴雨的云团的尺度(中尺度、中β尺度)具有一定的选择性。而低层"湿度锋"的强弱与暴雨云团的尺度之间不是简单的正相关的线性关系。针对长江流域特大暴雨云团的以上特性,在参考暴雨云团发生发展的CISK机制以及它们之间相互影响共同作用形成的更复杂的物理机制的基础上,对部分物理机制进行了修改完善。从而更好的解释了长江流域特大暴雨发生发展的有利环境条件。     

梅雨锋上MCS的发展、传播以及与低层"湿度锋"相关联的CISK惯性重力波

采用一个包含简单积云对流参数化的线性模式讨论在长江流域相当正压性质的梅雨锋上,贯穿整个对流层的深厚惯性重力波的发生、传播和频散性质.结果表明,与积云对流加热场有最密切关系的低层湿度条件及其水平分布不均匀性质都对扰动的波速和稳定度有重要影响,最有利出现不稳定发展的地方是在"低层湿度锋区"南界附近,因此这里是中尺度对流系统(MCS)的活跃地带.关于频散性质的分析表明,能允许群速度大于相速度的低层湿度条件及其水平分布的特征值范围比较宽.而在上述稳定度接近中性的条件下最有利于出现沿"湿度锋区"轴向的上、下游效应.这个结果也许能很好地解释:在梅雨锋上,恰恰是当一个旺盛的MCS达到顶点而开始趋向衰减时,在它的上、下游很快发展起新的MCS,新、旧MCS一起形成"云团波串"这样一个重要而有趣的观测事实.     

CISK、蒸发-风反馈机制和热带大气30-60天振荡

建立一个包含ＣＩＳＫ机制和蒸发－风反馈机制（Ｅｖａｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎ－ＷｉｎｄＦｅｅｄｂａｃｋＭｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍ，简写为：ＥＷＦＭ）的热带大气运动的无耗散、线性斜压半地转模式，引入反映ＣＩＳＫ的无量纲凝结潜热参数η和反映ＥＷＦＭ的无量纲参数α，并求得模式系统的解析解。动力学分析和模式大气的计算结果进一步说明了ＣＩＳＫ和ＥＷＦＭ的共同作用是激发和驱动热带大气低频振荡的重要物理过程。     

CISK,EVAPORATION-WIND FEEDBACK MECHANISM AND 30—60 DAY OSCILLATIONS IN THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE

A baroclinic semi-geostrophic model with evaporation-wind feedback mechanism(EWFM)and CISK is established,two non-dimensional parameters a and η are introduced to representEWFM and CISK,respectively.Analytic solutions of the model system are obtained,dynamicsanalyses and the model atmosphere calculations further confirm that EWFM and CISK are veryimportant physical processes in leading to the low-frequency oscillations in the tropics.     

THE CISK MECHANISM AND THE INERTIAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES IN SHEAR FLOW

By using the symmetric equations of atmospheric dynamics in y-z plane with vertical and horizontal shear of wind, the nonlinear ordinary differential equation is derived with the method of travelling wave.Its stability is discussed by using the theory of nonlinear stability and the KDV equation is solved. The effects of linear CISK, nonlinear CISK, inertial stability and vertical shear of wind on the amplitude and the width of isolated inertial gravitational wave are discussed. In order to understand deeply the formation and development of meso-scale synoptic systems, such as the squall line, MCC, the cold surge of Asia high and typhoon, the factors of development of the isolated inertial gravity wave are analysed.     

高低空急流与台风环流耦合下的中尺度暴雨系统

对9216号台风登陆后进入200 hPa西南风急流入口区右侧, 引起远距离台风中尺度暴雨系统突然发生发展的过程进行了分析.利用二维模式研究了高、低空急流与台风环流耦合和中尺度暴雨增幅的相互促进正反馈机制, 认为Wave-CISK过程和斜压基流的对称不稳定可能是低空急流发展和倒槽形成的更切合实际的动力机制.对流不稳定与斜压大气的结合有利于北传的重力惯性波不稳定发展.     

INSTABILITY PROPERTIES OF ATMOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES

There are some basic problems in previous theoretical studies of baroclinic instability.The derived criticalbaroclinity was considerably lower than the time averaged mean meridional temperature gradient,especially in the lowertroposphere.Also,the linear mechanism of baroclinic disturbance development which is noted restricted by the criticalbaroclinity was not studied sufficiently.The realistic critical baroclinity and disturbance development are discussed inthis study.It will be shown that the critical condition of instability and typical time and space scales of disturbances de-pend on three-dimensional structures of atmosphere and sphericity of the earth,other than the horizontal temperaturegradient alone.The variant behaviour of atmospheric disturbances depends highly on their specific scales that may bedescribed by the same theoretical model.Thus,there would be no substantial differences in the basic instability mecha-nism of many disturbances including the polar lows and explosive cyclones.