气候模式CAS-ESM-C对1月热带太平洋流场模态的模拟评估

利用气候模式CAS-ESM-C从1922年起84年的模拟资料,对1月份热带太平洋上层流场作复EOF分解及小波分析,并与实况以及理论解析解作对比讨论,以考察模式对赤道大洋上层流场的模拟能力,得到主要结论：（1）复EOF分解前3个模态的方差贡献为53.5%、12.9%、9.5%,累积方差贡献为75.9%,累积方差贡献比实况更高。（2）第一、二模态空间场与实况相比总体相像,流场都为赤道所俘获,在俘获区内的流场均以偏纬向流为主;差异在于模拟资料分析的赤道俘获区范围较实况要大,流场的经向流分量及越赤道流也较实况明显。（3）第一、二模态实时间系数序列无线性变化趋势,而实况则有。复EOF模态年际及年代际变化与实况相同或相近;第一、二模态中3～7年的年际变化是厄尔尼诺与南方涛动（ENSO）的反映;第一模态22～23年的年代际变化受北太平洋主要气候模态北太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）对热带太平洋的影响,而第二模态13年的年代际变化是受北太平洋次要气候模态北太平洋环流振荡（NPGO）对热带太平洋的影响;第一、二模态还都有峰值16年的年代际变化,这可能与印尼穿越流有关。（4）模拟资料分析的结果具有理论解析解中流...     

Decadal Variation of the Aleutian Low-Icelandic Low Seesaw Simulated by a Climate System Model（CAS-ESM-C）

Based on a simulation using a newly developed climate system model（Chinese Academy of Sciences-Earth System Model-Climate system component, CAS-ESM-C）, the author investigated the Aleutian Low- Icelandic Low Seesaw（AIS） and its decadal variation. Results showed that the CAS-ESM-C can reasonably reproduce not only the spatial distribution of the climatology of sea level pressure（SLP） in winter, but also the AIS and its decadal variation. The period 496–535 of the integration by this model was divided into two sub-periods： 496–515（P1） and 516–535（P2） to further investigate the decadal weakening of the AIS. It was shown that this decadal variation of the AIS is mainly due to the phase transition of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation（PDO）, from its positive phase to its negative phase. This transition of the PDO causes the sea surface temperature（SST） in the equatorial eastern（northern） Pacific to cool（warm）, resulting in the decadal weakening of mid-latitude westerlies over the North Pacific and North Atlantic. This may be responsible for the weakening of the inverse relation between the Aleutian Low（AL） and the Icelandic Low（IL）.     

Evaluation of ocean data assimilation in CAS-ESM-C: Constraining the SST field

A weakly coupled assimilation system, in which SST observations are assimilated into a coupled climate model(CASESM-C) through an ensemble optimal interpolation scheme, was established. This system is a useful tool for historical climate simulation, showing substantial advantages, including maintaining the atmospheric feedback, and keeping the oceanic fields from drifting far away from the observation, among others. During the coupled model integration, the bias of both surface and subsurface oceanic fields in the analysis can be reduced compared to unassimilated fields. Based on 30 model years of output from the system, the climatology and interannual variability of the climate system were evaluated. The results showed that the system can reasonably reproduce the climatological global precipitation and SLP, but it still suffers from the double ITCZ problem. Besides, the ENSO footprint, which is revealed by ENSO-related surface air temperature, geopotential height and precipitation during El Ni ?no evolution, is basically reproduced by the system. The system can also simulate the observed SST–rainfall relationships well on both interannual and intraseasonal timescales in the western North Pacific region, in which atmospheric feedback is crucial for climate simulation.