淄川-博山地区伊利石化高岭石粘土岩地质特征及其应用

论述了淄川-博山一带的伊利石化高岭石粘土岩的区域地质概况及成矿地质条件,按自然分布结合地质情况,划分为3个成矿带,叙述了各成矿带分布及含矿层特征。以南坡矿区为例,详细论述了矿层赋存特征,矿体的规模、厚度及其质量,研究了矿石类型、化学成分及主要物理性能指标,类比研究了加工技术性能,经简单水选即可达到较为理想的选矿指标,具有高效、低成本优势;结合有关研究,认为该类粘土岩是在较高温度条件下由高岭石粘土岩加钾水化转变而成。山东省该类矿床总体勘查程度低,具有较好的找矿潜力,但优质粘土资源找矿难度大。     

Exploring the sensitivity of coastal inundation modelling to DEM vertical error

As sea level is projected to rise throughout the twenty-first century due to climate change, there is a need to ensure that sea level rise (SLR) models accurately and defensibly represent future flood inundation levels to allow for effective coastal zone management. Digital elevation models (DEMs) are integral to SLR modelling, but are subject to error, including in their vertical resolution. Error in DEMs leads to uncertainty in the output of SLR inundation models, which if not considered, may result in poor coastal management decisions. However, DEM error is not usually described in detail by DEM suppliers; commonly only the RMSE is reported. This research explores the impact of stated vertical error in delineating zones of inundation in two locations along the Devon, United Kingdom, coastline (Exe and Otter Estuaries). We explore the consequences of needing to make assumptions about the distribution of error in the absence of detailed error data using a 1 m, publically available composite DEM with a maximum RMSE of 0.15 m, typical of recent LiDAR-derived DEMs. We compare uncertainty using two methods (i) the NOAA inundation uncertainty mapping method which assumes a normal distribution of error and (ii) a hydrologically correct bathtub method where the DEM is uniformly perturbed between the upper and lower bounds of a 95% linear error in 500 Monte Carlo Simulations (HBM+MCS). The NOAA method produced a broader zone of uncertainty (an increase of 134.9% on the HBM+MCS method), which is particularly evident in the flatter topography of the upper estuaries. The HBM+MCS method generates a narrower band of uncertainty for these flatter areas, but very similar extents where shorelines are steeper. The differences in inundation extents produced by the methods relate to a number of underpinning assumptions, and particularly, how the stated RMSE is interpreted and used to represent error in a practical sense. Unlike the NOAA method, the HBM+MCS model is computationally intensive, depending on the areas under consideration and the number of iterations. We therefore used the HBM+ MCS method to derive a regression relationship between elevation and inundation probability for the Exe Estuary. We then apply this to the adjacent Otter Estuary and show that it can defensibly reproduce zones of inundation uncertainty, avoiding the computationally intensive step of the HBM+MCS. The equation-derived zone of uncertainty was 112.1% larger than the HBM+MCS method, compared to the NOAA method which produced an uncertain area 423.9% larger. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages and requires value judgements to be made. Their use underscores the need for transparency in assumptions and communications of outputs. We urge DEM publishers to move beyond provision of a generalised RMSE and provide more detailed estimates of spatial error and complete metadata, including locations of ground control points and associated land cover.     

Mine ventilation planning in the 1980s

Conclusions In this paper, the author has attempted to trace the development of mine ventilation planning from the traditional, manual and largely empirical methods of the past to the numerate computer-based techniques of the 1980s.The computer revolution has changed the face of many engineering disciplines, not least mine environmental engineering. Nevertheless, the mining industries of the world have not all been equally progressive in adapting to the flexibility, power and practical utilization of the new methodologies. It is, for example, incongruous that current textbooks on mine ventilation separate completely the topics of network analysis and ventilation planning with very little cross-referencing. Many of the current generation of mine ventilation engineers recognize the need to know about computers but find difficulty in translating this into their daily work. The growing availability of self-teaching, friendly software for personal microcomputers, coupled with interactive graphics, will assist greatly in promoting uncomplicated but powerful usage of computers.Young engineers now graduating from universities and colleges have been brought up in a computer-oriented environment and are competent in interacting with these machines. Indeed, they wonder how the job was ever done without magnetic data bases and high-speed computation aid.     

MC-ICP-MS锂同位素溶液分析技术与应用

Li同位素是一种新兴的非传统稳定同位素示踪工具,在地质学、地球化学研究中具有广阔的应用前景。目前,Li同位素溶液分析技术主要采用热电离质谱仪（TIMS）和多接收电感耦合等离子质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）,与TIMS相比,MC-ICP-MS具有分析精度高、样品量少、测试速度快等诸多优点。本研究团队近年来建立了MC-ICP-MS高精度Li同位素分析方法,在天然样品、标准物质以及石英包裹体的Li同位素测定中都取得了良好结果。以此为依托,研究团队建立了适用于西藏本地岩石成因研究的Li同位素地质端元,并将Li同位素应用于青藏高原岩石圈结构及其隆升历史、川西碳酸岩型稀土矿床富集机制、四川呷村VMS型矿床成矿流体来源和四川甲基卡硬岩型Li矿床富集机理等方面。本文比较详细地综述了这些研究进展,旨在加深对Li同位素溶液分析技术的理解,展示其在地球化学研究中的良好应用前景。     

Geological factors influencing the concentration of trace elements in the Philippi peatland, eastern Macedonia, Greece

Six peat samples obtained from the Holocene and the Weichselian of the Philippi peat deposit, eastern Macedonia, Greece, were analyzed for 48 trace elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS). The ash contents of these samples were also determined. Most of the trace elements are associated with the minerals in the peat, while Ge, Mo, Pb, Se, Ta, Tl, U, and W display a greater affinity with the organic matter. Compared with crustal averages (Clarke concentrations), the Philippi peat is enriched in some elements (Ag, As, Au, Cd, Mo, Se, Te, U, and W) because of the respective mineralizations in the area. The Philippi peat is also enriched in Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sc, Sn, T, V, Y, and Zn in comparison with typical fen peats, as well as in As, Cr, Mo, Se, and U in comparison with typical coals. Climatic and hydrogeological conditions strongly influenced the peat-forming environment resulting in a differentiation between Holocene and Weichselian peat. Generally, the Holocene peat contains lower concentrations of trace elements in the northern and southern part of the fen, than the Weichselian one. The opposite trend is observed in the fen area close to the western basin margins.     

Characteristics of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments of Tanzania and their agricultural applications: Based on 1∶1000000 geochemical survey

Tanzania is located in eastern Africa with a predominantly agricultural ecomomy, the potential for developing and utilizing cultivated land are promising, but scientific guidance is required. B, Zn and Se are essential micronutrients for plants and human body with crucial biological functions, in particular, Se is significant for human health and considered as “the king of anti-cancer”. As these elements required by human or plants are mainly absorbed from soil directly or indirectly, therefore,...     

‘Unionising’ the new spaces of the new economy? Alternative labour organising in India’s IT Enabled Services-Business Process Outsourcing industry

This paper explores the lived experiences and aspirational social constructions of call centre work and employment in India’s high profile IT Enabled Services-Business Process Outsourcing (ITES-BPO) industry; the ways in which they differ from those previously documented amongst call centre workers in the Global North (specifically the UK); and the consequences of that geographical reconfiguration of offshored call centre work for the replicability in India of workplace collective bargaining strategies successfully developed in some UK call centres. These issues are analysed using new empirical evidence from a regional survey of 511 non-unionised ITES-BPO workers and 42 in-depth interviews in India’s National Capital Region. Based on this analysis, the paper then discusses the operation, outcomes and ongoing challenges faced by the newly formed ‘Union for ITES Professionals’ (UNITES Pro) in developing an alternative occupational organising model better suited to the particular needs, motivations and preferences of India’s young, mobile, call centre workers. The empirical analysis presented in the paper is located, therefore, within wider debates on the role of geographical context in shaping possibilities for organising white-collar service workers at different ends of global service chains in the new economy.     

科研鱼探仪数据的解编及地球物理应用

目前常规海洋测绘手段主要包括电子海图、单波束、多波束、侧扫声呐等,这些方法的单独使用会存在诸如数据样本稀疏、施工成本昂贵、难以获取确切深度等局限之处。基于超声波回声原理的科研鱼探仪广泛用于渔业资源调查与评估中,是渔业领域的主要统计手段,具有数据体量大、来源丰富、采集成本低的特点。超声回波数据在刻画鱼群数量、方位的同时,携带有海底地形与海水温盐结构信息,可以作为常规海洋测绘方法的补充。特别是数据解编后得到的高精度水体数据,可以用于海洋地球物理等研究,故针对科研鱼探仪数据的解编工作亟待进行。本文针对科研鱼探仪(SIMRAD EK80)的采集数据进行解编处理,并基于对道头信息的分析,实现对数据文件的重新分类,提取与海洋地球物理领域相关的位置、样点能量值等数据信息进行分析研究,旨在丰富海洋地球物理研究数据来源,为常规海洋探测工作提供借鉴,提升数据利用效能。     

土力学的现状及其数值分析方法中某些问题的讨论

概括性地论述了土力学目前的状况,指出土力学仍然处于半理论、半经验的发展水平。论述了土力学数值分析方法在工程应用中存在的问题,并对如何正确地使用土力学的数值分析方法和改变土力学数值分析在工程应用中的不利状况进行了讨论。另外,就如何改善这种状况提出了一些措施。从这些讨论可以得到以下结论,土力学还处于发展的初期阶段,随着土力学的理论及其数值分析方法的不断发展,以及其使用经验的不断积累,计算土力学在工程实践中将会得到越来越多的应用,它必将成为岩土工程分析中的有力工具。     

碳酸盐矿物激光原位U-Pb定年基本原理、分析方法与地学应用

碳酸盐矿物作为地壳中沉积作用与流体活动的直接产物,记录了沉积、热事件的全过程,是进行同位素年代学研究的理想矿物。碳酸盐矿物传统的U系列定年法、同位素稀释法定年体系成功率低,耗时长,导致定年难度大,限制了碳酸盐矿物地质年代学的发展。近年来,碳酸盐矿物激光原位U-Pb定年技术取得重要进展,使低U碳酸盐矿物地质年代的精确测定成为了可能。碳酸盐矿物LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学具有空间分辨率高、耗时短等显著优势,被广泛应用于地学研究中。文章归纳总结了碳酸盐矿物同位素定年体系的基本原理及分析方法,回顾了近5年碳酸盐矿物LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学应用的研究进展,重点论述该方法在确定脆性变形时代、岩石破裂以及盆地流体流动时限、碳酸盐地层的成岩时代和成矿热液活动时限4个方面的应用,并梳理了该方法尝试解决的科学问题和取得的新认识。碳酸盐矿物定年方法的发展和应用,增强了人们对地壳变形和演化的理解,解决了部分迄今为止难以确定的地质体历史演化问题,为未来地质年代学的研究提供了新思路,在地球科学研究中具有重要潜力。