DCMT光电扫描主测微器的设计与研究

DCMT主测微器不同于其它类型的子午环测微器,它具有自校准测定仪器参数的功能。该测微器采用了活动光栅的方案,其优点是能观测近极星和各类准直像;活动光栅另一个显著优点是不同赤纬星几乎可用相同的观测时间.对“V”形光栅的工作原理和误差进行了详细讨论,并给出了一组严格的公式。其系统误差来源有:光栅形状改正、光栅驱动方向相对于光栅的倾斜、光栅驱动方向相对于赤径方向的倾斜、星径曲率改正。     

电磁波信号在对流层中路径弯曲改正的级数展开式

大气折射延迟是空间大地测量中的一个主要误差源。本文严格地给出了中性大气路径弯曲改正的原理性公式。通过对各种因素量级的分析,在亚毫米量级的精度上给出了一个以视天顶距正切和正割乘积为参数的级数展开模型。新模型在球对称大气模型下,级数展开模型的精度达到了毫米量级,理论上可以展开到任意阶次,且可允许观测高度角小到5°。     

对提高导航型GPS定位精度之工作方法的探讨

论文主要介绍了导航型GPS坐标转换参数的计算方法和测量误差的改正方法。该方法的要点是通过实测多个公共点来计算坐标转换参数,以此获得较好的转换精度;并进一步对观测结果加以误差改正,从而提高其定位精度。     

一种改进的周跳多项式拟合方法

多项式拟合探测周跳受相位观测值所含误差的影响,随着采样数的增加,其探测周跳的能力随之降低,通常将观测数据分成若干段来进行处理。这样不可避免的增加工作强度,降低工作效率。本文根据多项式拟合探测周跳的基本原理,对多项式进行改进。经实验证明,利用改进后的多项式进行拟合能够有效地弥补传统方法的不足,使周跳的探测与修复更加稳定可靠。     

TM影像几何校正算法的精度比较

同大多数的线阵推扫式影像相比,TM影像作为双向扫描型的影像其几何校正方法有其特殊性和复杂性。针对这个问题,本文简要介绍了一般多项式、空间斜墨卡托投影、有理函数模型等几种几何近似校正算法,并利用广州地区的TM影像进行了各种试验分析和精度比较。结果表明:同其他方法相比,空间斜墨卡托投影是一种较好的算法,校正精度最高,能够达到一个像素左右,而且该方法不受地形起伏的影响,无需地面高程信息。     

努力提高三维地震勘探精度，为西部煤炭工业做出新贡献

以国家重大产业技术开发专项“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”项目的由来、意义和总体研究目标为引,概括的介绍了项目依托工程中各个专项技术研究完成情况,并对非均匀介质成像技术、高精度三维地震静校正技术、高密度采集技术、特观技术、岩性反演技术、属性体解释技术等六项重大关键技术取得的突破性进展进行了重点说明。指出随着我国煤炭生产重点的逐步西移,应加强诸如叠前、叠后深度偏移技术的研究,以解决复杂山区三维地震面元内地震反射波散射问题,提高其三维地震勘探精度,为西部煤炭工业做出新贡献!     

Determining Q of near-surface materials from Rayleigh waves

High-frequency (≥2 Hz) Rayleigh wave phase velocities can be inverted to shear (S)-wave velocities for a layered earth model up to 30 m below the ground surface in many settings. Given S-wave velocity (V_S), compressional (P)-wave velocity (V_P), and Rayleigh wave phase velocities, it is feasible to solve for P-wave quality factor Q_P and S-wave quality factor Q_S in a layered earth model by inverting Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients. Model results demonstrate the plausibility of inverting Q_S from Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients. Contributions to the Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients from Q_P cannot be ignored when Vs/V_P reaches 0.45, which is not uncommon in near-surface settings. It is possible to invert Q_P from Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients in some geological setting, a concept that differs from the common perception that Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients are always far less sensitive to Q_P than to Q_S. Sixty-channel surface wave data were acquired in an Arizona desert. For a 10-layer model with a thickness of over 20 m, the data were first inverted to obtain S-wave velocities by the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method and then quality factors were determined by inverting attenuation coefficients.     

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK CORRECTION OF ROUGH ERRORS OF OBSERVATIONS*

In the context of tower measured radiation datasets.following the correction principle meeting a diagnostic equation in data quality control and in terms of a technique for model construction on data and ANN (artificial neural network) retrieval for BP correction of radiation measurements with rough errors available,a BP model is presented.Evidence suggests that the developed model works well and is superior to a convenient multivariate linear regression model,indicating its wide applications.     

Attenuation of body waves in Southeastern Sicily (Italy)

The attenuation of P- and S-waves in Southeastern Sicily was estimated by applying two different methods in time and frequency domains. We analyzed waveforms from about 290 local events (0.6≤M_L≤4.6) recorded at a three-component digital network.By applying the pulse broadening method to the first P-wave pulse, we found an average Q_p value of ca. 140. The application of the frequency decay method provided a Q_p value of ca. 120, in the low-frequency band (3-9 Hz). Conversely, in the high frequency range (16-27 Hz) the average Q_p is significantly larger (ca. 640). The frequency decay method was also applied to S-waves spectra. In the low frequency range (2-5 Hz) the estimated average Q_s is ca. 190. As for Q_p, also Q_s, in the high frequency range (16-27 Hz), is larger (ca. 700). These results evidenced a frequency dependence of both the quality factors Q_p and Q_s, as commonly observed in tectonically active zones characterized by high degree of heterogeneity.