基于从业者的旅游历史街区商业空间发展特征及机理——扬州“双东”案例

旅游商业化是历史街区复兴的重要途径。基于社会空间视角,旅游历史街区商业发展是以从业群体为日常运作核心,兼及居民、游客、恩庇者（管理者）等地域主体在内的空间生产过程。旅游历史街区演化是以“空间实践”为中心环节的社会建构,其发展状态是不同主体、不同层次的空间生产相互博弈的总体涌现。依托扬州“双东”案例,运用田野调查、统计检验、对应分析、模糊数学、逻辑回归等方法,以从业者空间生产为脉络,剖析旅游商业发展机理的杂合性与矛盾性,指出商业空间状态潜伏着不对称的利益博弈和不均衡的发展效应。“双东”旅游商业开发对城市中低产阶层自主就业有较强吸附效应,使之成为商业发展的主要依托。从业群体大致分化为乐观型、寓居型、保守型,分别对应于积极评价—业务扩张、温和评价—业务维持、消极评价—业务收缩生产机理,对“双东”空间演化具有不同的响应机制和影响效应。研究分析了主体、实践、环境特质对不同类型从业个体的影响特征以及对从业群体的总体影响,认为恩庇是统摄“好恶效应”、操控利益格局的多解方案。旅游历史街区商业发展利弊兼具、相因相生,统一于历史街区的自我演替过程。     

Comprehensive Assessment of Sustainable Tourism-oriented Revitalization in a Historic District: A Case Study of Qianmen Area,Beijing, China

Tourism-oriented revitalization of historic districts has been identified as a form of sustainability which is believed to contribute to both conservation and development. Comprehensive assessments of the effects of such tourism-oriented revitalizations in historic districts are thus a great challenge, and are needed to support sustainable development and management efforts. In this study criteria and indicators were identified by using the AHP method with experts scoring four aspects on two levels. We assess a case in China using this system and outputs indicated infrastructure and environment performed best, while the score for residents’ living condition and participation was the lowest. Finally, we offer some suggestions to improve the relatively poor status in order to assist historic districts in achieving sustained revitalization.