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1.
Characterizing heterogeneous permeable media using flow and transport data typically requires solution of an inverse problem. Such inverse problems are intensive computationally and may involve iterative procedures requiring many forward simulations of the flow and transport problem. Previous attempts have been limited mostly to flow data such as pressure transient (interference) tests using multiple observation wells. This paper discusses an approach to generating stochastic permeability fields conditioned to geologic data in the form of a vertical variogram derived from cores and logs as well as fluid flow and transport data, such as tracer concentration history, by sequential application of simulated annealing (SA). Thus, the method incorporates elements of geostatistics within the framework of inverse modeling. For tracer-transport calculations, we have used a semianalytic transit-time algorithm which is fast, accurate, and free of numerical dispersion. For steady velocity fields, we introduce a transit-time function which demonstrates the relative importance of data from different sources. The approach is illustrated by application to a set of spatial permeability measurements and tracer data from an experiment in the Antolini Sandstone, an eolian outcrop from northern Arizona. The results clearly reveal the importance of tracer data in reproducing the correlated features (channels) of the permeability field and the scale effects of heterogeneity. 相似文献
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The chromites from the alpine type ultramafic intrusive of Sukinda, India, display a typical partly inverse spinel form and occur in two distinct zones: Brown Ore Zone (BOZ) and Grey Ore Zone (GOZ). The host ultramafites are mostly altered and are represented by the serpentinite, tremolite-talc(chlorite) schist, talc-serpentine schist and chlorite rock. The less altered variants are dunite, harzburgite and websterite. A dyke of orthopyroxenite runs through the main ultramafic body.The composition of olivine (Fo92), orthopyroxene (En92–89) and Al2O3 contents of the parental liquid (10.40–11.45%) determined from chromites, suggest that the parent melt is of boninitic affinity. The chemical plot of TiO2 content against cr# of chromites corroborates a boninitic parental melt. The Fe–Mg partitioning in olivine and chromite depicts the temperature for chromitites as 1200 °C. A compositional plot of mg# and cr# suggests crystallization at high pressure conditions, corresponding to the kimberlite xenolith field. From the P–T diagram of pyrolite melting and mineral assemblage, the pressure of crystallization is stipulated to be ≥1.2 GPa. The fO2 values estimated from Fe3+/Cr+Al+Fe3+ ratios range from 10−8.3 to 10−9.3 for the GOZ and 10−7.1 to 10−7.3 for the BOZ. The fO2 values together with the pressure range suggest crystallization at upper mantle conditions. The heterogeneity in chemical composition and fO2 conditions for the GOZ and BOZ could be linked to heterogeneity in the upper mantle. 相似文献
4.
辽宁省大民屯凹陷流体化学场特征及油气成藏意义 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
从地层水化学场、油气组成的非均质性两方面对辽宁省大民屯凹陷前第三系古潜山和下第三系沙河街组的流体化学场特征进行了分析.结果表明,该区地层水运动规律与油气运移模式吻合较好,即流体以"垂向流动"为主,受断裂和沉积砂体的控制,由沉积中心的中、深部沿断裂垂向运移,而后在各断块内侧向运移至各断块的高部位,横向运移效应只在局部小范围内规律显著,构成了典型的离心状渗流体系.在地层水水头压力、浮力动力场控制下该区形成了自生自储、下生上储、新生古储型油藏. 相似文献
5.
Improved Representation of Land-surface Heterogeneity in a Non-hydrostatic Numerical Weather Prediction Model 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
This study focuses on the relevance of accurate surface parameters, in particular soil moisture, and of parameterizations for heterogeneous land surfaces, for the prediction of sensible and latent heat fluxes by a mesoscale weather forecast model with horizontal grid resolution of 7 km. The analysis is based on model integrations for a 30-day period, which are compared both to flux measurements obtained from the LITFASS-2003 field experiment and to high-resolution-model (1-km grid spacing) results. At first, the relevance of improved parameter sets and input data compared to usual operational practice for an accurate prediction of near-surface fluxes is shown and discussed. It is demonstrated that an observation-based land-surface assimilation scheme leads to an improved soil moisture analysis, which is shown to be essential for the realistic simulation of surface fluxes. Secondly, the implementation of two efficient parameterization strategies for subgrid-scale variability of the surface, the mosaic and the tile approach, is presented. Using these methods, the simulations are in better agreement with measurements than simulations with simple aggregation methods that use effective surface parameters. Integrations with the mosaic approach reproduce high resolution simulations very well and more accurately than simulations with the tile method. Finally, the high resolution simulations are analyzed to justify and discuss the approximations underlying both methods. 相似文献
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Xinchang Xie Yunchuan Yang Yi Tian Liping Liao Junpei Wei Jinyu Zhou Lihua Chen 《地球科学进展》2019,34(11):1152-1164
Aiming at the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and frequent occurrence of drought and waterlogging disasters in Guangxi, the multi-scale characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of precipitation heterogeneity can provide scientific support for regional response to drought and waterlogging disasters and intelligent management of water resources. Based on the daily precipitation data of 87 grid points from 1961 to 2017 in Guangxi, the Precipitation Concentration Degree (PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period (PCP) index were used to build day, pentad, ten days, month, season precipitation heterogeneity of multiple time scale level evaluation system. By using R/S analysis and geographical spatial analysis methods, the space-time evolution characteristics and climate division in Guangxi were discussed. The study showed that the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of PCD and PCP at the diurnal, synoptic and monthly scales were relatively consistent, and the heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi could be better expressed than that at the monthly and seasonal scales. The diachronic change of PCD in precipitation in Guangxi shows an increasing trend in northeast China and a decreasing trend in southwest China, and the trend of its future period is the same as the diachronic evolution. The spatial distribution of PCD in Guangxi has significant spatial autocorrelation and stratification heterogeneity, which are mainly reflected in the mean value, coefficient of variation and frequency of PCD. The comprehensive heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi is highly dispersed in the northeast, highly concentrated in the south, and slightly concentrated or dispersed in the northwest and central regions. The time-scale within a month is the best scale to express the non-uniformity of precipitation in Guangxi. If the advantages of more stable climatic and ten-day scales and more fine daily scales are taken into account, the use of climatic scale for daily sliding calculation and analysis will be the best way. 相似文献
8.
陕北榆林地区土地覆被变化分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于1981~2001 年NOVAA/AVHRR 和1998~2004 年SPOT VEGETATION 归一化植被 指数(NDVI) 数据, 对榆林地区植被动态变化进了定量研究, 并且利用多年气象数据分析了降水 和温度变化情况。结果表明: 榆林地区植被有了明显改善, 其改善状况集中于8、9、10 月份; 植被 覆被变化具有明显的区域差异, 北部植被覆盖改善的趋势明显, 且变化比较平稳; 南部增加趋势 不明显, 有的地方还呈下降趋势, 变化幅度大。 相似文献
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秦皇岛A油田位于渤海中部海域,区内油气藏主要发育在新近系的明化镇组。明化镇组下段为曲流河沉积地层,具有很强的非均质性,使得注水开发收效不均匀,平面矛盾突出。选取Ⅲ2砂体为研究对象,利用40余口钻井资料和覆盖油田的三维地震资料对储层内部结构和平面展布特征进行了系统的分析。研究认为,Ⅲ2砂体是由两期点坝砂体叠置而成,每一期砂体在平面上由4~5个单一点坝顺向组合而成,点坝之间的溢岸沉积是导致储层非均质性强的主要因素,控制了剩余油的分布。油田的生产动态证实,注入水流动规律与点坝砂体的平面展布具有良好的对应关系,部分井区水驱效果不均衡,个别单井产能低下都能从中找到原因。 相似文献
10.
智慧城市的功能之一是构建可智能感知的、泛在化的空间信息服务,并将这些服务按需求进行组合提供灵活的服务,这就要求空间信息服务能更好地适应不断变化的地理上下文环境。设计了上下文感知的空间信息服务的语义模型,该模型扩展了OWL-S本体,增加了地理上下文类、上下文前提条件类、上下文效果类和上下文绑定类以支持地理上下文和地理上下文适应性,并使用智能规划技术和语义增强技术,将上下文感知的空间信息服务组合转化为智能规划的求解过程,提高了服务组合精度。最后通过智慧旅游验证了上下文感知的空间信息服务组合方法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献