考虑拱效应深基坑支护结构土压力分析

针对基坑支护结构土压力的研究以数值模拟为主,而解析理论应用需要完善研究现状,提出一种用于计算基坑支护结构土压力的解析方法。根据填土中土拱效应的作用以及土拱成形的基本理论,结合极限平衡分析方法,应用摩尔圆理论确定了基坑端壁间稳定土拱的轨迹方程,并且得到基于土拱形状所围滑裂土体的体积,确定出基坑支护结构土压力的解析表达式,最后进行了算例分析,研究结果表明土体的物理属性决定了有效滑裂土体的边界。提出的解析方法是深基坑计算土压力的一种新的解析方法。     

抛物线竖曲线的测设

设计的纵断面抛物线竖曲线,列出一个二元二次方程y=f(x),其中,自变量x为抛物线路面上任一点至抛物线路面始点的水平距离,因变量y为该点上的高程,该方程为实地施工、验收提供了方便。本法标定点位精确,适应当今车辆对高速公路的要求。     

论岛弧的拱结构

基于海沟－岛弧－弧后盆地体系起伏变化的地壳厚度和岛弧平面上独特的延展方式，从结构力学上看，岛弧实质上是横跨于汇聚板块边界上的二铰拱，弧体及两端支点的地质构造特点都说明了这一点。板块俯冲边界上作用力的方式和方向相当于作用在二铰拱上的竖向均布载荷，因而岛弧选择的合理拱轴为抛物线。为了保持汇聚板块边界的平衡，岛弧呈抛物线形向外扩展，引起弧后盆地向岛弧一侧的扩张，这与大洋中脊的扩张有本质的不同。     

基于抛物线型D-P准则的岩质边坡稳定性分析

岩质边坡内通常会存在部分拉剪屈服区,因此,在岩质边坡的稳定性分析中采用能够同时考虑拉剪屈服和压剪屈服的H-B准则相较M-C准则来说更为合适。推导了基于H-B准则的抛物线型D-P准则,克服了H-B准则在数值计算中的困难。针对基于抛物线型D-P准则的有限元强度折减法,证明了折减抛物线型D-P准则材料参数的合理性。结合上述研究成果,分析了茨哈峡水电站右岸泄水边坡在天然状况下和泄水雾化状况下的稳定安全度。计算结果表明,该边坡在天然状况下是稳定的,但在泄水雾化状况下将会发生失稳。因此,需对该边坡采取工程处理措施,提高其稳定安全度,以防泄洪雾化失稳。     

架空输电线路机载激光雷达点云电力线三维重建

电力线三维重建是机载激光雷达(LiDAR)电力巡线的一项重要任务之一。本文提出了一种基于架空输电线走廊机载LiDAR点云的电力线三维重建方法。首先,基于电塔LiDAR点和初始线路轨迹数据提取精确的电塔位置、电塔数量、线路轨迹、总档数等信息;然后,将线路分档,并确定每一档的二维空间范围和相应的电力线LiDAR点云;接着,分别对每一档的电力线LiDAR点云进行中心化投影,并利用k-means聚类将每一个电力线LiDAR点划分到相应的根;最后,利用直线和抛物线相结合的模型进行单档单根电力导线三维重建。两景试验表明,本文方法可以实现自动、高精度、正确的重建长距离架空输电线走廊电力线三维模型,重建过程中具有对电力线数目、空间配置结构、类型、粗差点、档距长度、点云不规则断裂等因素不敏感的优势。     

三维侧位抛物线型方位漂移轨道设计的数值算法

考虑方位漂移因素的设计约束方程组是一个具有3个独立未知数、多个隐含未知数的非线性方程组,需要使用数值迭代法才能求出其数值解。给出了解析形式的垂深增量公式,利用约束方程组中的垂深方程,将3个独立未知数中的一个未知数表示成其他2个未知数的函数,并用之对设计约束方程组进行降维处理。剖析了隐含未知数的计算细节,给出了隐含未知数的递推算法。提出了降维后的约束方程组的数值求解算法——缩半网格法,该算法可以快速、可靠地求出设计问题的数值解,适用于在开发计算机软件时编程实现。     

冻结粉土的动强度特性及其破坏准则

在恒应变速率增长的等应变幅动力模式下，冻结粉动哟度最初随静有效正应力增大而增加；在后者为７－８ＭＰａ时，动强度达到峰值；以后随着静有效正应力继续增大，动强度趋于减小。不同应变速率下的动强度包络线呈现相似形式，服从抛物线破坏准则，研究中引进当量动内摩擦角ψｃ的和当量动内摩擦系数为ｔｇψｃ概念，从而使抛物线破坏准则方程与线性破坏方程在形式趋于一致。当量动内摩擦角ψｃ是一个动态变量，除取决于静有效正应力     

调整核旋仪的一种数值方法

应用数值理论对核旋仪调整的原理进行推导,得到一种简便可行的方法。通过多次实验,结果与理论推导相符。     

Non-Linear Response of Tethers Subjected to Parametric Excitation in Submerged Floating Tunnels

For the study of the non-linear response of inclined tethers subjected to parametric excitation in submerged floating tunnels,a theoretical model for coupled tube-tether vibration is developed.Upon the assumption that the static equilibrium position of the tether is a quadratic parabola,the governing differential equations of the tether motion are derived by use of the Hamilton principle.An approximate numerical solution is obtained by use of Galerkin method and Runge-kutta method.The results show that,when the static equilibrimn position of the tether is assumed to be a quadratic parabola,the tether sag effect on its vibration may be reflected;the tether sag results in the asymmetry of tether vibration amplitude;for the reduction of the tether amplitude,the buoyant unit weight of the tether should approach to zero as far as possible during the design.     

Spatial pattern of grassland aboveground biomass and its environmental controls in the Eurasian steppe

Vegetation biomass is an important component of terrestrial ecosystem carbon stocks. Grasslands are one of the most widespread biomes worldwideplaying an important role in global carbon cycling. Thereforestudying spatial patterns of biomass and their correlations to environment in grasslands is fundamental to quantifying terrestrial carbon budgets. The Eurasian steppean important part of global grasslandsis the largest and relatively well preserved grassland in the world. In this studywe analyzed the spatial pattern of aboveground biomass(AGB)and correlations of AGB to its environment in the Eurasian steppe by meta-analysis. AGB data used in this study were derived from the harvesting method and were obtained from three data sources(literatureglobal NPP database at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center(ORNL)some data provided by other researchers). Our results demonstrated that:(1) as for the Eurasian steppe overallthe spatial variation in AGB exhibited significant horizontal and vertical zonality. In detailAGB showed an inverted parabola curve with the latitude and with the elevationwhile a parabola curve with the longitude. In additionthe spatial pattern of AGB had marked horizontal zonality in the Black Sea-Kazakhstan steppe subregion and the Mongolian Plateau steppe subregionwhile horizontal and vertical zonality in the Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe subregion.(2) Of the examined environmental variablesthe spatial variation of AGB was related to mean annual precipitation(MAP)mean annual temperature(MAT)mean annual solar radiation(MAR)soil Gravel contentsoil p H and soil organic content(SOC) at the depth of 0–30 cm. NeverthelessMAP dominated spatial patterns of AGB in the Eurasian steppe and its three subregions.(3) A Gaussian function was found between AGB and MAP in the Eurasian steppe overallwhich was primarily determined by unique patterns of grasslands and environment in the Tibetan Plateau. AGB was significantly positively related to MAP in the Black Sea-Kazakhstan steppe subregion(elevation 3000 m)the Mongolian Plateau steppe subregion(elevation 3000 m) and the surface(elevation ≥ 4800 m) of the Tibetan Plateau. Neverthelessthe spatial variation in AGB exhibited a Gaussian function curve with the increasing MAP in the east and southeast margins(elevation 4800 m) of the Tibetan Plateau. This study provided more knowledge of spatial patterns of AGB and their environmental controls in grasslands than previous studies only conducted in local regions like the Inner Mongolian temperate grasslandthe Tibetan Plateau alpine grasslandetc.