Influence of Structural Non-Stationarity of Surface Roughness on Morphological Characterization and Mechanical Deformation of Rock Joints

Summary Structural non-stationarity of surface roughness affects accurate morphological characterization as well as mechanical behaviour of rock joints at the laboratory scale using samples with a size below the stationarity threshold. In this paper, the effect of structural non-stationarity of surface roughness is investigated by studying the scale dependence of surface roughness and mechanical behaviour of rock joints. The results show that the structural non-stationarity mainly affects the accurate characterization of the surface roughness of the fracture samples. It also controls the amount and location of the contact areas during shear tests, which in turn affects the mechanical properties and asperity degradation of the samples. It is concluded that for accurate determination of the morphological and mechanical properties of rock joints at laboratory and field scales, samples with size equal to or larger than the stationarity threshold are required. Author’s address: Nader Fardin, Rock Mechanics Group, Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 11365/4563, Tehran, Iran     

Shallow Water Bathymetry Derived from Green Wavelength Terrestrial Laser Scanner

Abstract

Shallow water bathymetry has proved to be a challenging task for remote sensing applications. In this work, Green-Wavelength Terrestrial Laser Scanning (GWTLS) is employed to survey nearshore bathymetry under clear atmospheric and water conditions. First, the obtained seabed points were corrected for refraction and then geo-registration, and filtering processes were exerted to obtain an accurate bathymetric surface. Terrain analysis was performed with respect to a reference surface derived from classical surveying techniques. The overall analysis has shown that the best results stem from 35° to 50° incident angles, whereas for angles higher than 65° measurements are not acceptable, although for the same angle in front and close to the instrument accuracy is considered acceptable due to the high laser power. Also, high resolution micro-topography, shallower than 1?m water depth, was managed to be captured. Systematic experimental approaches are expected to improve the GWTLS technique to detect bathymetry, which is anticipated to assist in mapping very shallow foreshore, tidal, and deltaic environments, to contribute conceptual into developing hybrid observation systems for coastal monitoring, and also to be applied in various maritime applications.     

《CT理论与应用研究》杂志新刊标和地幔速度模型的说明

在《ＣＴ理论与应用研究》杂志１９９４~２００１年本杂志“刊标”的基础上,在其上方增加了象征三维体视学成像的三角形四面体的透视图;该刊标的右下侧为医学断面成像扫描仪(包括各种Ｘ－ＣＴ机与核磁共振ＭＲＩ扫描仪等);其左下侧为三维地幔速度模型和地球核的示意图,切出有两个地幔剖面,表示纵波速度二维变化的剖面。该速度剖面系根据赵大鹏教授的理论和计算方法,按照地球上的两个大圆弧做计算和绘制的彩色图,排在本期封４:第一大圆弧,从北极经西巴基斯坦(２８°Ｎ, ６４°Ｅ)到马尔代夫群岛(３°Ｎ,７３°Ｅ);第二大圆弧从马尔代夫群岛点(３°Ｎ,７３°Ｅ)连接巴布新几内亚之南点(１２°Ｓ,１５０°Ｅ),来计算两剖面速度分布并作图的结果,其具体分布参见封４的两条彩色剖面和相应的地理位置图。由于赵教授这篇论文[１]在中国国内只有很少数图书馆收藏,在Ｅｌｓｅｖｉｅｒ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ的ＥＰＳＬ网站上一般人只能查到摘要,本刊对于该地幔速度模型的制作方法和所用数据资料,该模型的优越性和特征进行了叙述,他所用的地震事件数目,多达７１２８个;用于层析反演成像的震相到时数多到近一百万条。该速度如下的特点:在所采用的速度结构中,包含用几个复杂形状的地质速度界面,如莫霍面,以及下沉板块的分界     

基于常规扫描仪的植物叶面积计算系统

以计算机和扫描仪的组合技术为基础 ,用ViscalBasic 6 0语言 ,建立了Lea fArea1 0植物叶面积计算系统 ,经过对扫描图片的像素分析 ,实现了植物叶面积测定 ,其测定的误差小于 2‰ ,是一项易于业务化的应用系统。     

Analytical methods Of assessing the image quality associated with digital and photographic imaging systems

The introduction of digital cameras for aerial survey photography and use of scanners with processed aerial film present a number of technical questions concerning the way photography is to be acquired in the future. Among the questions to be addressed are the comparative metric properties of images acquired by each system and the associated image quality characteristics. The new digital camera systems will require very careful appraisal, using well-established methods of assessing metric quality already available to survey organisations. The questions concerning image quality are more difficult to answer, as they require very specialised instrumentation if measurements are to be made directly in practice. Over the course of the past several decades a more analytical approach to assessing image quality has emerged, and one that may be used by individuals. The method is particularly effective where information on the micro-image characteristics of products is made available by the manufacturers concerned. An outline is given of some considerations that need to be taken into account when using an analytical approach, with references given for further reading.     

利用3S技术及三维激光扫描仪进行耕地损毁勘测

利用RS技术发现耕地损毁,网络RTK测量耕地损毁范围及面积,GIS提取耕地被损毁前的分类面积和等别,以及利用网络RTK配合Maptek I-Site8810三维激光扫描仪重构损毁耕地三维模型。     

地面三维激光扫描仪测量误差检定

在利用三维激光扫描仪进行测量工作前,我们首先应了解其实际测量精度是否符合标称精度,而可靠的评价方式对得到精确的数据结果至关重要。本文利用北京卓立汉光TSA50-C型电动位移台作为评价标准,通过其精确的位移功能,准确地评价了RIGEL VZ-400三维激光扫描仪在测量单点位移时的误差,从而得到了其最佳工作距离。     

融合罗德里格矩阵和整体最小二乘的双目机器人手眼标定算法

针对传统双目式机器人手眼标定方法中未知量多、计算复杂的特点,研究并提出了一种基于罗德里格矩阵和整体最小二乘相融合的改进算法。其中罗德里格矩阵实现了对未知量的降维;整体最小二乘顾及了系数矩阵的误差。通过大量数据分析表明,改进后的手眼标定算法较传统方法在稳定性和精度上均有大幅提高,满足了机器人视觉系统在工业检测和制造领域中的高精度需求。     

基于车载激光扫描的带状地物表面快速重建

根据带状地物空间形态特征以及车载激光扫描系统对带状地物数据采集的特点,提出对相邻两条扫描线数据构建三角网进而完成整个带状地物表面快速重建方法。该方法充分利用了每条扫描线获取带状地物横截面的特点,相邻两条扫描线构建的三角网能准确地反映其所覆盖的狭长条带区域的形态结构,把所有狭长条带连接起来便能准确地描述整个带状地物的形态结构。在网格构建过程中自动建立点、线、面间的拓扑关系或隐含拓扑关系,查询和动态更新操作都限制在非常狭小的范围内,便于快速重建。     

卵巢肿瘤之分类及CT诊断的价值

本文分析了５０例经病理证实的卵巢肿瘤。结果表明ＣＴ扫描在发现卵巢肿瘤方面是一种有效的手段，而且根据主要ＣＴ表现鉴别良恶性质是可能的．另一方面由于具有很高的密度分辨率，ＣＴ扫描在某种程度上低于传统的检查手段。